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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs || Pneumonia research abs || Constipation research abs || Laxative research abs || hair research abs || hair related research references

Fertil Steril. 2000 Nov;74(5):980-3.
Examination of the chin or lower abdomen only for the prediction of hirsutism.

Knochenhauer ES, Hines G, Conway-Myers BA, Azziz R.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35233-7333, USA.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that scoring terminal hair growth on only the chin or abdomen can serve as a reliable predictor for hirsutism. DESIGN: A prospective observational study. PATIENT(S): Six hundred and ninety-five consecutive hyperandrogenic women seen between June 1987 and December 1997. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): All hirsutism exams were performed by one examiner. Hirsutism was scored using a modification of the Ferriman-Gallwey (F-G) method. An F-G score of > or = 8 defined hirsutism. RESULT(S): Of the 695 women examined 352 (50.1%) had hirsutism scores of 8. Thirty percent (79 of 344) of women who had an F-G score of <8 had previously underwent electrology. If either the chin or lower abdomen hair growth score was > or = 2, the sensitivity was 100% for the prediction of hirsutism, although the specificity was 27%. The positive predictive value (PPV) for hirsutism using a hair score of > or = 2 at either of these sites was 58%. CONCLUSION(S): A hair growth score of > or = 2 on the chin or lower abdomen only was found to be a highly sensitive predictor for hirsutism. However, because of its very low PPV, this screening method is virtually useless in populations where the hirsutism frequency is expected to be low, about 5%. However, this screening method for the detection of hirsutism would be useful for the study of high-risk populations with an expected hirsutism prevalence of >20% (e.g., family studies).

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11056244&dopt=Abstract

J Acoust Soc Am. 2002 Jun;111(6):2749-58.
Interaction between adenosine triphosphate and mechanically induced modulation of electrically evoked otoacoustic emissions.

Kirk DL.

Department of Physiology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.

It was shown previously that electrically evoked otoacoustic emissions (EEOAEs) can be amplitude modulated by low-frequency bias tones and enhanced by application of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to scala media. These effects were attributed, respectively, to the mechano-electrical transduction (MET) channels and ATP-gated ion channels on outer hair cell (OHC) stereocilia, two conductance pathways that appear to be functionally independent and additive in their effects on ionic current through the OHC. In the experiments described here, the separate influences of ATP and MET channel bias on EEOAEs did not combine linearly. Modulated EEOAEs increased in amplitude, but lost modulation at the phase and frequency of the bias tone (except at very high sound levels) after application of ATP to scala media, even though spectral components at the modulation sideband frequencies were still present. Some sidebands underwent phase shifts after ATP. In EEOAEs modulated by tones at lower sound levels, substitution of the original phase values restored modulation to the waveform, which then resembled a linear summation of the separate effects of ATP and low-frequency bias. While the physiological meaning of this procedure is not clear, the result raises the possibility that a secondary effect of ATP on one or more nonlinear stages in the transduction process, which may have caused the phase shifts, obscured linear summation at lower sound levels. In addition, "acoustic enhancement" of the EEOAE may have introduced nonlinear interaction at higher levels of the bias tones.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12083210&dopt=Abstract

Bioelectromagnetics. 2001 Feb;22(2):112-21.
Currents induced in anatomic models of the human for uniform and nonuniform power frequency magnetic fields.

Gandhi OP, Kang G, Wu D, Lazzi G.

Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.

We have used the quasi-static impedance method to calculate the currents induced in the nominal 2 x 2 x 3 and 6 mm resolution anatomically based models of the human body for exposure to magnetic fields at 60 Hz. Uniform magnetic fields of various orientations and magnitudes 1 or 0.417 mT suggested in the ACGIH and ICNIRP safety guidelines are used to calculate induced electric fields or current densities for the various glands and organs of the body including the pineal gland. The maximum 1 cm(2) area-averaged induced current densities for the central nervous system tissues, such as the brain and the spinal cord, were within the reference level of 10 mA/m(2) as suggested in the ICNIRP guidelines for magnetic fields (0.417 mT at 60 Hz). Tissue conductivities were found to play an important role and higher assumed tissue conductivities gave higher induced current densities. We have also determined the induced current density distributions for nonuniform magnetic fields associated with two commonly used electrical appliances, namely a hair dryer and a hair clipper. Because of considerably higher magnetic fields for the latter device, higher induced electric fields and current densities were calculated. 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11180257&dopt=Abstract

Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 1990 Jan;347:1-165.
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of d-Limonene (CAS No. 5989-27-5) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).

National Toxicology Program.

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of d-limonene, a naturally occurring monoterpene found in many volatile oils, especially in citrus oils, were conducted because of its widespread use as a flavor and fragrance additive for food and household cleaning products and its increasing use as an industrial solvent. The d-limonene used in these studies was more than 99% pure and was administered in corn oil by gavage. Short-term studies were conducted in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice to identify toxic effects and affected sites and to help establish doses for the 2-year studies. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium, mouse L5178Y cells, and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The doses selected for the 16-day studies ranged from 413 to 6,600 mg/kg for both rats and mice; deaths and reduction in body weight gain occurred at the two highest doses. No compound-related clinical signs or histopathologic lesions were observed in any of the surviving dose groups. In the 13-week studies, doses of d-limonene ranged from 150 to 2,400 mg/kg for rats and from 125 to 2,000 mg/kg for mice. Deaths occurred in the high dose group of each species and sex. Greater than 10% reductions in body weight gain were observed in the two highest dose groups of male rats and male mice and the high dose female rats. Rough hair coats and decreased activity were observed at the two highest doses in both rats and mice. There were no chemical-related histopathologic lesions in female rats or in mice of either sex. A compound-related increased severity of nephropathy was observed in the kidney of male rats. This lesion was characterized by degeneration of epithelial cells in the convoluted tubules, granular casts in the outer stripe of the outer medulla, and epithelial regeneration. These lesions have been described as reasonably characteristic of the hyaline droplet nephropathy that is associated with an accumulation of liver-generated a2u-globulin in the cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cells. Two-year studies of d-limonene were conducted by administering 0, 75, or 150 mg/kg d-limonene in corn oil by gavage to groups of 50 F344/N male rats, 5 days per week for 103 weeks; groups of 50 female F344/N rats were administered 0, 300, or 600 mg/kg. These doses were selected based on compound-related, potentially life-threatening kidney lesions observed in males at 300 mg/kg and higher and on the large number of deaths of female rats at 2,400 mg/kg. Groups of 50 male B6C3F1 mice were administered 0, 250, or 500 mg/kg according to the same schedule; groups of 50 female B6C3F1 mice were administered 0, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg. These doses were selected based on the deaths observed for both male and female mice at 2,000 mg/kg during the 13-week studies and the body weight depression in male mice at 1,000 mg/kg and higher. Mean body weights of rats dosed with d-limonene were similar to those of vehicle controls throughout the studies. Survival of the high dose female rats after week 39 and of the vehicle control male rats after week 81 was significantly reduced (survival at week 104-- male: vehicle control, 29/50; low dose, 33/50; high dose, 40/50; female: 42/50; 40/50; 26/50). Mean body weights of dosed and vehicle control male mice were similar throughout the studies. Mean body weights of high dose female mice were notably lower than those of the vehicle controls after week 28. Survival of the low dose group of male mice was significantly lower than that of vehicle controls at the end of the study (33/50; 24/50; 39/50). No difference in survival was observed between vehicle control and dosed female mice (43/50; 44/50; 43/50). In the 2-year studies, the kidney was confirmed as the primary target organ for chemically related lesions. No lesions were observed in female rats. For males, the nonneoplastic lesions included exacerbation of the age-related nephropathy, linear deposits of mineral in the renal medulla and papilla, and focal hyperplasia of the transitional epithelium overlying the renal papilla. Uncommon tubular cell adenomas and adenocarc and adenocarcinomas of the kidney also occurred in dosed male rats, and this effect was supported by a dose-related increased incidence of tubular cell hyperplasia, as shown in the table below. INCIDENCES OF MALE RATS WITH RENAL LESIONS IN THE TWO-YEAR GAVAGE STUDY OF d-LIMONENE Site/Lesion Vehicle Control 75 mg/kg 150 mg/kg Renal papilla Mineralization 7/50 43/50 48/50 Epithelial hyperplasia 0/50 35/50 43/50 Kidney Tubular cell hyperplasia 0/50 4/50 7/50 Tubular cell adenoma 0/50 4/50 8/50 Tubular cell adenocarcinoma 0/50 4/50 3/50 In subsequent 21-day studies, male and female F344/N rats were administered d-limonene at doses ranging from 75 to 1,200 mg/kg. Microscopic examination of the kidney sections from these rats indicated a compound-related increase in intracytoplasmic granules in the proximal convoluted tubules of dosed male rats but not of female rats. The granules were shown to contain a2u-globulin by an immunohistochemical strain. a2u-Globulin was shown to be increased in kidney homogenates from dosed male rats by an ELISA test. In mice, no chemically related increases in neoplasms were observed. The incidence of neoplasms of the anterior pituitary gland in high dose female mice was lower than that in vehicle controls (adenomas or carcinomas, combined:vehicle control, 12/49; high dose, 2/48). Cells with an abnormal number of nuclei (8/49; 32/50) and cytomegaly (23/49; 38/50) were observed in the liver of high dose male mice. Genetic Toxicology: d-Limonene was not mutagenic in four strains of S. typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA1537), did not significantly increase the number of trifluorothymidine (Tft)-resistant cells in the mouse L5178Y/TK± assay, and did not induce chromosomal aberrations or sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in cultured CHO cells. All assays were conducted in the presence and absence of exogenous metabolic activation. Conclusions: Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of d-limonene for male F344/N rats, as shown by increased incidences of tubular cell hyperplasia, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas of the kidney. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of d-limonene for female F344/N rats that received 300 or 600 mg/kg. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of d-limonene for male B6C3F1 mice that received 250 or 500 mg/kg. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of d-limonene for female B6C3F1 mice that received 500 or 1,000 mg/kg. An increased severity of spontaneous nephropathy, increased incidences of linear mineralization of the renal medulla and papilla, and hyperplasia of the transitional epithelium of the renal papilla were present in dosed male rats. Synonyms: cyclohexene; 4-isopropenyl-1-methyl; 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene; p-mentha-1,8-diene; carvene; cinene; cajeputene

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12704437&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Natural Herbal Supplement: Hair Million

The most ostensive feature that distinguishes us human from chimps and other primates is the lack of bodily hair. During evolutionary process, we have lost the majority of hair. Hair is no longer a biologically essential part of our body, just like appendix. The hair we still have on our scalp and a few other bodily parts is still regarded as significant for reasons other than biological necessity. Hair loss is naturally accompanied by aging process, although the extent of hair loss and the timing of onset vary widely among individuals. Thus, loss of hair and baldness is considered as a symbol of maturity or old age. Like winkles and other signs of aging, hair loss is not welcome by most people, because we don't welcome aging, and being perceived as an aging person. However, it is alopecia, or premature hair loss that especially concerns certain people.

While the hair loss and resulting baldness in general have not been proven to be related to underlying health problems, there are certain correlations between hair loss and health problems. For instance, premature hair loss could suggest premature aging or nutritional and hormonal imbalance, stressful life, use of drugs that cause hair loss as a side effect, skin disease, or heart disease. The balding appearance could also impart a subdued impression of integrity in bodily health and youthfulness. Fortunately, in many cases, hair loss is reversible by change in lifestyle and/or nutritional supplementation. Herbal hair growth formula and other nutritional supplements have been shown to be effective in warding off hair loss and resuming hair growth. Certain prescription drugs such as Propecia may also reverse hair loss by blocking the formation of DHT, a hormonal byproduct produced inceasingly as a person age.

DHEA has been suggested to provide numerous potential benefits. DHEA (or dehydroepiandrosterone) is converted into androgens (male hormones) or estrogens (female hormones) in the cells. Our bodies produce decreasing amount of DHEA as we get older. various health benefits: To deter aging, improve sexual function/erectile dysfunction, treat cognitive decline, enhance athletic performance, facilitate weight loss, improve strength, prevent osteoporosis, enhance immunomodulation for rheumatic conditions, and treat depression.

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