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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs || Pneumonia research abs || Constipation research abs || Laxative research abs || hair research abs || hair related research references

Hear Res. 2003 Jun;180(1-2):1-10.
Dynamic material properties of the tectorial membrane: a summary.

Freeman DM, Abnet CC, Hemmert W, Tsai BS, Weiss TF.

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Room 36-889, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. freemait.edu

Dynamic material properties of the tectorial membrane (TM) have been measured at audio frequencies in TMs excised from the apical portions of mouse cochleae. We review, integrate, and interpret recent findings. The mechanical point impedance of the TM in the radial, longitudinal, and transverse directions is viscoelastic and has a frequency dependence of the form 1/(K(j2pif)(alpha)) for 10<or=f<or=4000 Hz, where f is frequency, K is a constant, j=-1, and alpha approximately 0.66. Comparison with other connective tissues shows that the TM is a relatively lossy viscoelastic material. The median magnitudes of the point impedance at 10 Hz in the radial, longitudinal, and transverse directions are 4.6 x 10(-3) N.s/m, 1.8 x 10(-3) N.s/m, and 2.7 x 10(-3) N.s/m. Consistent with osmotic responses (Freeman et al., 2003), the TM point impedance is anisotropic - the TM is stiffer in the radial than in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The mechanical space constant of the TM is approximately 20 microm. Comparisons reveal that in the apical region of the mouse cochlea, the TM dynamic stiffness at 10 Hz is 10 times larger than the static stiffness of the aggregate hair cells in a mechanical space constant and roughly comparable to the stiffness of the basilar membrane. We conclude that the TM provides a mechanical load on the basilar membrane and that the lability of the TM to changes in endolymph composition may well be reflected in changes in basilar membrane motion.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12782348&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Apr 13;96(8):4420-5.
Limiting dynamics of high-frequency electromechanical transduction of outer hair cells.

Frank G, Hemmert W, Gummer AW.

University of Tubingen, Department of Otolaryngology, Section of Physiological Acoustics and Communication, Silcherstrasse 5, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. gerhard.franni-tuebingen.de

High-frequency resolution is one of the salient features of peripheral sound processing in the mammalian cochlea. The sensitivity originates in the active amplification of the travelling wave on the basilar membrane by the outer hair cells (OHCs), where electrically induced mechanical action of the OHC on a cycle-by-cycle basis is believed to be the crucial component. However, it is still unclear if this electromechanical action is sufficiently fast and can produce enough force to enhance mechanical tuning up to the highest frequencies perceived by mammals. Here we show that isolated OHCs in the microchamber configuration are able to overcome fluid forces with almost constant displacement amplitude and phase up to frequencies well above their place-frequency on the basilar membrane. The high-frequency limit of the electromotility, defined as the frequency at which the amplitude drops by 3 dB from its asymptotic low-frequency value, is inversely dependent on cell length. The frequency limit is at least 79 kHz. For frequencies up to 100 kHz, the electromotile response was specified by an overdamped (Q = 0.42) second-order resonant system. This finding suggests that the limiting factor for frequencies up to 100 kHz is not the speed of the motor but damping and inertia. The isometric force produced by the OHC was constant at least up to 50 kHz, with amplitudes as high as 53 pN/mV being observed. We conclude that the electromechanical transduction process of OHCs possesses the necessary high-frequency properties to enable amplification of the travelling wave over the entire hearing range.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10200277&dopt=Abstract

Sci Total Environ. 2000 Oct 30;262(1-2):21-36.
Application of double focusing sector field ICP-MS for multielemental characterization of human hair and nails. Part II. A study of the inhabitants of northern Sweden.

Rodushkin I, Axelsson MD.

SGAB Analytica, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden. ilia.rodushkigab.se

Double-focusing sector-field, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used for the determination of 71 elements in scalp hair and fingernail samples from an urban population group living in the north-east of Sweden. Samples (n = 114 for hair and n = 96 for nails) were taken from subjects without known occupational exposure to metals. From these results, concentration ranges were calculated and compared with published intervals. Statistical analysis was used to elucidate differences according to sex, age and smoking habit. It was found that significant correlations exist between different elements in hair and nails, as well as between hair and nail concentrations for several elements. Strong positive correlation for Hg, Cd, Pb, Sb and Bi levels between these media confirms that both can be used for exposure assessment for these elements. Several examples on the use of distribution patterns for the rare-earth elements (REE) and of Pb isotope ratios for assessment of exposure are given.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11059839&dopt=Abstract

Development. 2003 Jun;130(11):2341-53.
Abnormal epidermal differentiation and impaired epithelial-mesenchymal tissue interactions in mice lacking the retinoblastoma relatives p107 and p130.

Ruiz S, Segrelles C, Bravo A, Santos M, Perez P, Leis H, Jorcano JL, Paramio JM.

Program on Cell and Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy. CIEMAT, Avenue Complutense 22, E28040 Madrid, Spain.

The functions of p107 and p130, members of the retinoblastoma family, include the control of cell cycle progression and differentiation in several tissues. Our previous studies suggested a role for p107 and p130 in keratinocyte differentiation in vitro. We now extend these data using knockout animal models. We found impaired terminal differentiation in the interfollicular keratinocytes of p107/p130-double-null mice epidermis. In addition, we observed a decreased number of hair follicles and a clear developmental delay in hair, whiskers and tooth germs. Skin grafts of p107/p130-deficient epidermis onto NOD/scid mice showed altered differentiation and hyperproliferation of the interfollicular keratinocytes, thus demonstrating that the absence of p107 and p130 results in the deficient control of differentiation in keratinocytes in a cell-autonomous manner. Besides normal hair formation, follicular cysts, misoriented and dysplastic follicles, together with aberrant hair cycling, were also observed in the p107/p130 skin transplants. Finally, the hair abnormalities in p107/p130-null skin were associated with altered Bmp4-dependent signaling including decreased DeltaNp63 expression. These results indicate an essential role for p107 and p130 in the epithelial-mesenchimal interactions.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12702649&dopt=Abstract

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