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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs || Pneumonia research abs || Constipation research abs || Laxative research abs || hair research abs || hair related research references

Cereb Cortex. 2002 Aug;12(8):797-807.
Hearing after congenital deafness: central auditory plasticity and sensory deprivation.

Kral A, Hartmann R, Tillein J, Heid S, Klinke R.

Physiologisches Institut II, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. kram.uni-frankfurt.de

The congenitally deaf cat suffers from a degeneration of the inner ear. The organ of Corti bears no hair cells, yet the auditory afferents are preserved. Since these animals have no auditory experience, they were used as a model for congenital deafness. Kittens were equipped with a cochlear implant at different ages and electro-stimulated over a period of 2.0-5.5 months using a monopolar single-channel compressed analogue stimulation strategy (VIENNA-type signal processor). Following a period of auditory experience, we investigated cortical field potentials in response to electrical biphasic pulses applied by means of the cochlear implant. In comparison to naive unstimulated deaf cats and normal hearing cats, the chronically stimulated animals showed larger cortical regions producing middle-latency responses at or above 300 microV amplitude at the contralateral as well as the ipsilateral auditory cortex. The cortex ipsilateral to the chronically stimulated ear did not show any signs of reduced responsiveness when stimulating the 'untrained' ear through a second cochlear implant inserted in the final experiment. With comparable duration of auditory training, the activated cortical area was substantially smaller if implantation had been performed at an older age of 5-6 months. The data emphasize that young sensory systems in cats have a higher capacity for plasticity than older ones and that there is a sensitive period for the cat's auditory system.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12122028&dopt=Abstract

J Morphol. 2003 Jan;255(1):24-43.
Structure of the tarsi in some Stenus species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae): external morphology, ultrastructure, and tarsal secretion.

Betz O.

Zoologisches Institut der Universitat, Okologie, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. obetoologie.uni-kiel.de

SEM studies show that the differentiation among Stenus species with respect to the formation of the tarsi (wide bilobed vs. slender tarsomeres) takes place with a considerable augmentation of tarsal ventral setae in wide bilobed tarsomeres. The structural diversity of ventral tarsal setae among and within species is discussed with respect to 1) their different roles as mechanosensilla and tenent setae, respectively, and 2) the different selection pressures in terms of adhesive requirements along the longitudinal tarsus axis. The tarsi are provided with four groups of tarsal mechanosensilla, comprising hair and bristle sensilla, campaniform sensilla, and scolopidia. The tarsus wall is supported by an epidermis, which forms three different types of glands pouring their secretion via different exit paths onto the outer cuticle. The organization and ultrastructure of each of these glands is described. Only one (unicellular) gland is directly associated with the ventral tenent setae and is thus considered to form the main part of the adhesive secretion. The beetles appear to release the tarsal secretion through mediation of the tenent setae, which contains a lipid and a proteinaceous fraction. I propose that the secretion is discharged to the outside via a system of very fine pore canals in the wall of the setal shaft. Gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy revealed that the lipid fraction of the secretion is a mixture of unsaturated fatty acid glycerides and aliphatic hydrocarbons whose spectra are similar to those of extractions of the superficial lipid coating of the body surface. 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12420319&dopt=Abstract

J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2003 Jun;8(1):46-55.
Molecular control of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during hair follicle cycling.

Botchkarev VA, Kishimoto J.

Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. vladbotu.edu

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions play pivotal roles in the morphogenesis of many organs and various types of appendages. During hair follicle development, extensive interactions between two embryologically different hair follicle compartments (epidermal keratinocytes and dermal papilla fibroblasts) lead to the formation of the hair shaft-producing mini-organ that shows cyclic activity during postnatal life with periods of active growth, involution and resting. During the hair cycle, the epithelium and the mesenchyme are regulated by a distinct set of molecular signals that are unique for every distinct phase of the hair cycle. In telogen hair follicles, epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are characterized by a predominance of inhibitory signals that retain the hair follicle in a quiescent state. During anagen, a large variety of growth stimulatory pathways are activated in the epithelium and in the mesenchyme, the coordination of which are essential for proper hair fiber formation. During catagen, the termination of anagen-specific signaling interactions between the epithelium and the mesenchyme leads to apoptosis in the hair follicle epithelium, while activation of selected signaling pathways promotes the transition of the dermal papilla into a quiescent state. The signaling exchange between the follicular epithelium and the mesenchyme is modulated by proteoglycans, such as versican, which may significantly enhance or reduce the biological activities of secreted growth stimulators. However, additional research will be required to bridge the gap between our current understanding of mechanisms underlying epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in hair follicles and the potential clinical application of growth modulators involved in those interactions. Further progress in this area of research will hopefully lead to the development of new drugs for the treatment of hair growth disorders.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12894994&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2002 Jul;97(5):747-50.
Clinical and mycological study of scalp white piedra in the State of Paraiba, Brazil.

Pontes ZB, Ramos AL, Lima Ede O, Guerra Mde F, Oliveira NM, Santos JP.

Laboratorio de Micologia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, 58038-910, Brasil. pesqcccs.ufpb.br

White piedra is a superficial mycoses characterized by nodules on the hair shaft, caused by the basidiomycetous yeasts. In the present study, clinical and mycological findings of scalp white piedra caused by Trichosporon spp. are related. Twenty three cases of scalp white piedra were observed with a high incidence in women (87%) and preschool children from 2 to 6 (74%) years old. These groups presented a relationship of dependence with this infection. Despite the low socio-economic status, poor standards of hygiene, (48% of the patients) as well as the fact that 30.4% of the children shared the same nursery, these factors were not significant for the transmission of the mycosis. These were the first reports of scalp white piedra in Joao Pessoa city, Paraiba, Brazil.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12219146&dopt=Abstract

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