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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs || Pneumonia research abs || Constipation research abs || Laxative research abs || hair research abs || hair related research references

Histopathology. 1999 Feb;34(2):163-9.
Diagnostic relevance of chromosomal in-situ hybridization in Merkel cell carcinoma: targeted interphase cytogenetic tumour analyses.

Amo-Takyi BK, Tietze L, Tory K, Guerreiro P, Gunther K, Bhardwaj RS, Mittermayer C, Handt S.

Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Technical University of Aachen, Germany.

AIMS: To resolve the conflicting diagnoses of five pathologists (which included well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, malignant carcinoid, undifferentiated small-cell carcinoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumour, metastases of small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC)), and tumour-free lungs after necropsy, we investigated an alarmingly metastasizing MCC in a 32-year-old Caucasian man using chromosomal in-situ hybridization (CISH). Differences in incidence and course in males and females also prompted targeted analyses for chromosomes X and Y. The lesion was also analysed for p53 gene mutations. METHODS AND RESULTS: Paraffin sections of the thorax, buccal lymph nodes and scalp tumours were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies against pancytokeratin, keratin 20, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin, neurofilaments and vimentin, among others. Sections (5-6 microm) of the tumours were analysed with alpha-satellite probes for chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 11, 12, 17, 18, X and Y using CrSH; and exons 5-9 of the p53 gene were examined by polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) methods. Although positive for pancytokeratin, keratin 20, chromogranin, NSE, synaptophysin and vimentin, the similarity in antigen profiles expressed by SCLC and MCC prevented a definitive tumour diagnosis. Chromosomal in-situ hybridization, however, revealed trisomies 1 and 11, two frequent aberrations in MCC, and trisomy 18. Moreover, 71% of the tumour cells had two to three copies of X, whereas 98% of the cell nuclei in the hair follicles and normal epidermis (purported Merkel cell origins) displayed one X chromosome. No mutations were detected in the five exons of the p53 gene examined. CONCLUSIONS: Had CISH been performed earlier, treatment may have been tailored specifically to suit MCC, since MCC and SCLC have different therapeutic strategies. Finally, chromosome X may be of prognostic relevance in MCC, which apparently predominates in females and yet shows poorer prognosis in males, and hence be worthy of further investigation.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10064396&dopt=Abstract

Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2003 Apr;19(2):112-5.
[The significance and the expression of homeobox genes during human burn wound healing]

[Article in Chinese]

Song HF, Chai JK, Chen ML, Lin ZH, Liu NF, Yuan XB, Chen BJ, Sheng ZY.

Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The 304th Hospital, Beijing, 100037. P.R. China.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of several homeobox genes during the wound healing in fetal and adult skin and their roles in fetal scarless wound healing. METHODS: The expressions of PRX-2, HOXB13, HOX2.2 and HOX2.3 during wound healing in fetal and adult skin were determined with in situ hybridization. RESULTS: (1) PRX-2 positive expression could be identified in normal fetal and adult skin, especially in the fetus. But there was difference in location sites of the genes. The positive expression in normal fetal skin was mainly found in the peripheral cells at the hair shafts within dermal papilla layers and was also found in the epithelium. Nevertheless, weak positive expression of PRX-2 was found in the epithelial basal layer cells in normal adult skin but not in dermal tissue. There was strong positive expression of the PRX-2 in the tissue around the wound in fetus but not of that in adults except the epithelial basal layers. (2) Positive expression of HOXB13 could be identified in both normal fetal and adult skins. And the expression was concentrated mainly in hair follicle cells in the dermis and in the basal layer cells in the epithelium. Furthermore, the expression became weak after trauma, especially in fetal skin. (3) The positive expression of HOX2.2 and HOX2.3 in normal fetal skin was observed mainly in the whole layer of the epithelium and especially in the epithelial basal layers. Weak positive expression could be found in the dermis and strong expression found in the tissue near the wound. But there was no positive expression of the HOX genes in normal adult skin and wounds. CONCLUSION: The difference in the HOX expression in fetal and adult skin wound healing might be the key factor leading to different wound healing. Homeobox genes might be closely related with the developmental biology.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12812639&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

Plant Cell. 1990 Mar;2(3):235-243.
Genetic Control of Root Hair Development in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Schiefelbein JW, Somerville C.

Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.

Visual examination of roots from 12,000 mutagenized Arabidopsis seedlings has led to the identification of more than 40 mutants impaired in root hair morphogenesis. Mutants from four phenotypic classes have been characterized in detail, and genetic tests show that these result from single nuclear recessive mutations in four different genes designated RHD1, RHD2, RHD3, and RHD4. The phenotypic analysis of the mutants and homozygous double mutants has led to a proposed model for root hair development and the stages at which the genes are normally required. The RHD1 gene product appears to be necessary for proper initiation of root hairs, whereas the RHD2, RHD3, and RHD4 gene products are required for normal hair elongation. These results demonstrate that root hair development in Arabidopsis is amenable to genetic dissection and should prove to be a useful model system to study the molecular mechanisms governing cell differentiation in plants.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12354956&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Acta Derm Venereol. 1975;55(2):141-5.
A case of pigmentary hair naevus (Becker).

Svindland HB, Wetteland P.

A healthy 14-year-old Norwegian male developed a typical Becker's naevus on the left shoulder and upper scapular region, about six months after an intracutaneous BCG-vaccination in the homolateral junction of the shoulder and upper arm. The evolution of the lesion had been modified by exposure to sunlight during the following six years, with partial fading of the hyperpigmentation. Biopsies taken from the centre and from the edge of the lesion at the age of 19 years showed the usual histological picture seen in cases of Becker's naevus, but focal areas within the periphery showed a chronic granulomatous infiltrate of lupoid pattern in the dermis, mainly follicular and perifollicular in distribution. Acid-fast bacilli were not demonstrable in the sections, and in culture no tubercle bacilli were isolated from a central and histologically non-specific site. The implications of the histological findings are discussed, stressing the possibility that Becker's naevus may be a form of cutaneous tuberculosis caused by BCG or other mycobacteria of low virulence, precipitated by ultraviolet light and possibly modified by immunological factors.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=48319&dopt=Abstract

Due to the complexity , the biological process of hair growth is still a work in progress. Nonetheless, several therapeutic methods including prescription medications, transplant surgery, nutritional suppelements, and even snake oils have been in use to help those who attempt to restore their hair. None of these approaches are perfect due to the heterogeneity in the causes that underlie hair loss. Unfortunately, most of these chemical drugs and hair transplantation operations are accompanied by undesirable side effects.

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