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hair related research references
Med Lav. 2002 Mar-Apr;93(2):87-94.
[Prevalence of occupational allergy to laboratory animals in two towns of northern and central Italy]
[Article in Italian]
Larese Filon F, Siracusa A, Rui F, Matteucci G, Pace ML, Fiorito A, Morucci P, Marabbini A.
Dipartimento di Scienze di Medicina Pubblica, Universita degli Studi di Trieste, Via della Pieta 19, 34129 Trieste. laresniv.trieste.it
BACKGROUND: Laboratory animal allergy (LAA) is a well known occupational hazard for workers employed in biological and medical research institutes, but few Italian data on this disease exist. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of LAA in 45 workers in Trieste (NE-Italy) and in 80 workers in Perugia (Central Italy) and to assess factors predisposing to sensitisation among subjects occupationally exposed to animals. METHODS: All subjects underwent a physical examination and responded to a standardized questionnaire for the evaluation of allergic respiratory symptoms and exposure data. Skin prick tests with common allergens and with hair extract from laboratory animals were performed and specific IgE was measured. Atopy was defined as positive skin prick test to common allergens. RESULTS: There were 60% atopic subjects in Trieste and 55% in Perugia and sensitisation to laboratory animal hair was found in 24.4% subjects in Trieste and in 35% in Perugia. The prevalence rates of LLA were respectively 11.1% and 11.2%; 2.3% and 3.7% complained of asthma while 8.9% and 7.5% complained of rhinitis. The resulting symptoms were significantly related to skin prick tests that were positive to laboratory animal hair (odds ratio (OR) = 7.64; 1.83-44.5), to skin prick test positivity to common inhalant allergens (OR = 5.29; 1.09-50.2), to common allergic symptoms (OR = 3.95; 1.05-18.2) and to exposure time exceeding 5 hours per day (OR = 5.45; 1.31-22.0). CONCLUSION: The role of atopy and of exposure time in causing LLA was confirmed and the need of prevention measures to reduce exposure in people at risk was discussed.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12087804&dopt=Abstract
Hear Res. 2002 May;167(1-2):33-45.
The middle ear of gekkonoid lizards: interspecific variation of structure in relation to body size and to auditory sensitivity.
Werner YL, Igic PG.
Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel. yehudahms.huji.ac.il
Wishing to assess the effects of the dimensions of the middle ear on the auditory sensitivity of gekkonoid lizards, we measured middle ear components in preserved geckos, which in life had yielded 'cochlear microphonics' audiograms. We examined two to seven specimens of 14 species. The measures of middle ear elements varied relative to head or body length similarly within species and among species. The areas of the external ear opening, tympanic membrane, and columellar footplate, and the ratio between the last two ('hydraulic lever'), were correlated with animal length. The hydraulic and mechanical (extracolumellar) lever ratios appeared to complement each other, the former being emphasized in large animals, the latter in small animals. The apparent auditory sensitivity correlated with the sizes of the animal, head and external ear opening, and negatively (insignificantly) correlated with the mechanical lever ratio. The correlation of sensitivity with the hydraulic lever was insignificant, perhaps due to a 'tympanic membrane lever' (catenary effect). The most sensitive frequency negatively correlated with the area of the external ear opening, the area of the tympanic membrane, and with the level of greatest sensitivity. It was positively correlated with the relative length of the cartilaginous portion of the ossicular chain. However, the number of hair cells in the basilar papilla, too, is known to correlate with animal size. Moreover, the least sensitive species were not only the smallest species, they were also the species known to lack a zone of unidirectional hair cells in the basilar papilla. Hence the apparent sensitivity hypothetically depends on both middle ear dimensions and summation of inner ear output. This hypothesis requires verification by other methods.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12117528&dopt=Abstract
Genetika. 2002 Apr;38(4):463-7.
[Morphology of hair pigmentation in wild red foxes, silver foxes, and their hybrids]
[Article in Russian]
Prasolova LA, Trut LN, Vsevolodov EB, Latypov IF.
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia. praionet.nsc.ru
The effects of dominant allele Ar of locus Agouti on the morphology of hair pigmentation were described in foxes. The Ar allele was shown to determine the type of melanin and its content in hair with no effect on the morphology of pigment granules and their distribution throughout a hair. Using the method of electron spin resonance (ESR), the types of melanin (eumelanin and pheomelanin) and their content in the hair of red (ArArEE) and silver (aaEE) foxes and their hybrids (AraEE) were determined. In silver foxes, only one type of melanin (eumelanin) was found. In red foxes and their hybrids (which are phenotypically similar but darker than red foxes), both types of melanin (eu- and pheomelanin) were found. The highest melanin content was detected in the coat of silver foxes. In the hybrids, the total melanin content was lower than in silver foxes, but significantly higher than in red foxes. In red foxes, the contribution of pheomelanin to the total hair melanin content was twice as large as in the hybrids.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12018162&dopt=Abstract
Neurosci Lett. 1999 Mar 26;263(2-3):145-8.
The fast activating potassium current, I(K,f), in guinea-pig inner hair cells is regulated by protein kinase A.
Jagger DJ, Ashmore JF.
Department of Physiology, University College London, UK.
The mammalian inner hair cell (IHC) responds to displacements produced in the cochlea by sound by releasing neurotransmitter from its basal pole. A basolateral fast activating potassium current, called I(K,f), allows IHCs to act as sensory cells at high frequencies by shortening the membrane time constant. This current is co-expressed with a slower activating current, I(K,s). We have studied the intracellular regulation of IHC currents using the whole-cell patch clamp technique in conjunction with agents that influence the function of protein kinase A (PKA). Bath applied 8-Bromo-cAMP, an activator of PKA, increased the amplitude of outwardly rectifying currents and shortened the exponential time constant of activation. Following blockade of I(K,s) by intracellular 4-AP, I(K,f) could be reduced in amplitude by H-89, an inhibitor of PKA. Our results suggest that PKA regulates I(K,f) and so shapes the frequency response of IHCs.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10213156&dopt=Abstract
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