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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs || Pneumonia research abs || Constipation research abs || Laxative research abs || hair research abs || hair related research references





Am J Clin Dermatol. 2003;4(8):523-30.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-beta as a target for wound healing drugs: what is possible?

Tan NS, Michalik L, Desvergne B, Wahli W.

Unite CIG-Sciences, Centre Integratif de Genomique, Universite de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) dysfunction has been implicated in the manifestation of many diseases and illnesses, ranging from obesity to cancer. Herein, we discuss the role of PPARbeta, one of the three PPAR isotypes, during wound healing. While PPARbeta expression is undetectable in unchallenged and healthy adult interfollicular mouse skin, it is robustly re-activated in stress situations, such as upon phorbol ester treatment, hair plucking and cutaneous wounding. The inflammatory reaction associated with a skin injury activates the keratinocytes at the edges of the wound. This activation involves PPARbeta, whose expression and activity as transcription factor are up-regulated by pro-inflammatory signals. The re-activation of PPARbeta influences three important properties of the activated keratinocytes that are vital for rapid wound closure, namely, survival, migration and differentiation. The anti-apoptotic and, thus, survival role of PPARbeta is mediated by the up-regulation of expression of integrin-linked kinase and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1. Both kinases are required for the full activation of the Akt1 survival cascade. Therefore, the up-regulation of PPARbeta, early after injury, appears to be important to maintain a sufficient number of viable keratinocytes at the wound edge. At a later stage of wound repair, the stimulation of keratinocyte migration and differentiation by PPARbeta is also likely to be important for the formation of a new epidermis at the wounded area. Consistent with these observations, the entire wound healing process is delayed in PPARbeta +/- mice and wound closure is retarded by 2-3 days. The multiple roles of PPARbeta in the complex keratinocyte response after injury and during skin repair certainly justify a further exploration of its potential as a target for wound healing drugs.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12862494&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]



Eur J Neurosci. 1991;3(12):1338-1342.
The Identification and Localization of the Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein G0 in the Auditory System.

Canlon B, Homburger V, Bockaert J.

Department of Physiology II, Karolinska Institutet, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden.

The identification of guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) in guinea-pig tissues was assessed by the adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation of the alpha subunit by Bordetella pertussis toxin using [alpha32P]nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as the substrate followed by sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Three tissues (inferior colliculus, neuroblastoma cells, and the organ of Corti) contained G0alpha (39 kD), as well as Gi2alpha (40 kD) and Gi1alpha and/or Gi3alpha (41 kD). The stria vascularis and the VIIIth nerve contained mainly Gi2alpha, Gi1alpha and/or Gi3alpha, but G0alpha was barely detectable. A purified preparation of outer hair cells from the organ of Corti contained all three pertussis toxin substrates including G0alpha, with the Gi2alpha (40 kD) subunit being the most prominent. The immunocytochemical localization of the G0alpha subunit was determined by light microscopy after incubating isolated outer hair cells, Hensen cells and the stria vascularis with affinity-purified anti-G0alpha antibodies. In hair cells a positive reaction was observed along the plasma membrane and around the perimeter of the cuticular plate (zona adherens). Positive reaction was also observed within the infracuticular network extending from the cuticular plate towards the nucleus in outer hair cells. Finally, the base of the outer hair cells also contained G0alpha. However, it is likely that the G0alpha that is present in this cell region is not within the hair cell itself, but rather in nerve terminals which remained attached during dissection.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12106231&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



Mutat Res. 1977 Jun;46(3):165-75.
The use of yeast cultures for the detection of environmental mutagens using a fluctuation test.

Parry JM.

A microbial fluctuation test, modified for the detection of environmental mutagens has been evaluated using a number of strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Auxotrophic diploid cultures of yeast which produce prototrophic colonies by both mitotic gene conversion and mutation have been extensively utilized for the detection and evaluation of chemicals showing genetic activity. A number of the yeast strains utilized were shown to be suitable for use in the fluctuation test although the time scales of the experiments were considerably extended (up to 16 days) compared to those involving bacteria. The yeast strains respond to doses of mutagens at least a 100-fold lower than that required in a conventional short exposure treat and plate experiment. In experiments involving the induction of mitotic gene conversion at the tryptophan-5 and histidine-4 loci in the fluctuation test significant increases in prototrophic cells were produced in the presence of the insecticide Lindex (0.05 microng/ml), the preservative Thiomersal (0.0001 microng/ml), a mahogany hair dye (0.01 microng/ml), the herbicide Paraquat (0.02 microng/ml) and the alkylating agent ethyl methane sulphonate (0.1 microng/ml). The results demonstrate that the fluctuation test provides an extremely sensitive assay for the detection of chemicals which show genetic activity in yeast at non-toxic concentrations.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=68435&dopt=Abstract



Cell Tissue Res. 2003 Jan;311(1):117-30. Epub 2002 Nov 28.
Cell culture of mechanoreceptor neurons innervating proleg sensory hairs in Manduca sexta larvae, and co-culture with target motoneurons.

Melville JM, Hoffman KL, Jarrard HE, Weeks JC.

Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1254, USA.

The tip of each proleg in Manduca sexta larvae bears a dense array of mechanosensory hairs termed planta hairs (PHs), each innervated by a single sensory neuron (termed a PH-SN) located in the underlying epidermis. In the CNS, axon terminals of PH-SNs make direct, excitatory, nicotinic cholinergic synapses with proleg retractor motoneurons including the accessory planta retractor (APR). These synapses mediate a proleg withdrawal reflex, exhibit multiple forms of activity-dependent plasticity and weaken during the prepupal peak of ecdysteroids. In the present study we developed methods to dissociate PH-SNs from the epidermis and culture them alone or with APRs. The PH-SNs were fluorescently labeled in situ by introducing dye through the cut hair shaft or by retrograde axonal staining. Alternatively, unlabeled PH-SNs were utilized. The epidermis beneath the planta hair array was separated from the cuticle, enzymatically treated and mechanically dissociated into single cells. PH-SNs were cultured on glass coverslips coated with concanavalin A and laminin, in modified Leibovitz's IL-15 medium. Supplementation with medium conditioned by an insect cell line produced the best results. Dissociated PH-SNs had somatic diameters of ~10 micro m and typically bore a stout dendrite consisting of the inner and, occasionally, the outer dendritic segment. An axonal stump was sometimes retained. Viable PH-SNs typically extended new processes and often survived for 2-4 weeks. When co-cultured, PH-SNs and APRs exhibited robust growth and made close anatomical appositions. This culture system provides convenient experimental access to PH-SNs and may potentially permit sensorimotor synapses to be investigated in vitro.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12483291&dopt=Abstract







Prescription drugs, surgical hair transplantation, topical application of various oils or creams... Also prayer and wishing...
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DHEA has been suggested to provide numerous potential benefits. DHEA (or dehydroepiandrosterone) is converted into androgens (male hormones) or estrogens (female hormones) in the cells.





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