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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs || Pneumonia research abs || Constipation research abs || Laxative research abs || hair research abs || hair related research references

Arch Dermatol Res. 2002 Oct;294(7):331-8. Epub 2002 Jul 27.
Immunolocalization of fibroblast growth factor receptors in normal and wounded human skin.

Takenaka H, Yasuno H, Kishimoto S.

Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. takesaoto.kpu-m.ac.jp

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been shown to play diverse roles in various tissues. To define their sites of action in normal human skin and during wound healing, we determined the protein expression of the four known fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) in normal and wounded human skin by immunohistochemistry. Four receptors (FGFR-1 to FGFR-4) showed distinct patterns of expression in normal skin. Expression of FGFR-1 was widespread in the epidermis, appendages, arrector pili muscles, blood vessels, and dermal fibroblasts. Intense expression of FGFR-2 and FGFR-4 was seen in the arrector pili muscles and smooth muscle cells of vessels. In the epidermis, the basal layer showed immunoreactivity for FGFR-2, whereas the suprabasal layers and the inner layers of hair follicles showed strong immunoreactivity for FGFR-3. In wounded skin, there was strong expression of FGFR-1 and FGFR-3, and moderate expression of FGFR-2 and FGFR-4 in the basal layer in newly forming epidermis. In granulation tissues, neocapillaries expressed all four FGFRs, fibroblasts/myofibroblasts expressed FGFR-1 and FGFR-3, and mononuclear inflammatory cells expressed FGFR-1 and FGFR-3. Our results suggest that the differences in the spatial patterns of FGFR expression in normal skin may generate functional diversity in response to FGFs and that in wounded skin, FGFs may function in wound healing via the induced FGFRs.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12373339&dopt=Abstract

Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2002 Dec 30;109(1-2):69-83.
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel Ca(V)1.3 subunit expressed in the hair cell epithelium of the sacculus of the trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: cloning and comparison across vertebrate classes.

Ramakrishnan NA, Green GE, Pasha R, Drescher MJ, Swanson GS, Perin PC, Lakhani RS, Ahsan SF, Hatfield JS, Khan KM, Drescher DG.

Laboratory of Bio-otology, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 259 Lande Medical Research Building, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.

Full-length sequence (>6.5 kb) has been determined for the Ca(V)1.3 pore-forming subunit of the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel from the saccular hair cells of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Primary structure was obtained from overlapping PCR and cloned fragments, amplified by primers based on teleost, avian, and mammalian sources. Trout saccular Ca(V)1.3 was localized to hair cells, as evidenced by its isolation from an epithelial layer in which the hair cell is the only intact cell type. The predicted amino acid sequence of the trout hair cell Ca(V)1.3 is approximately 70% identical to the sequences of avian and mammalian Ca(V)1.3 subunits and shows L-type characteristics. The trout hair cell Ca(V)1.3 expresses a 26-aa insert in the I-II cytoplasmic loop (exon 9a) and a 10-aa insert in the IVS2-IVS3 cytoplasmic loop (exon 30a), neither of which is appreciably represented in trout brain. The exon 9a insert also occurs in hair cell organs of chick and rat, and appears as an exon in human genomic Ca(V)1.3 sequence (but not in the Ca(V)1.3 coding sequence expressed in human brain or pancreas). The exon 30a insert, although expressed in hair cells of chick as well as trout, does not appear in comparable rat or human tissues. Further, the IIIS2 region shows a splice choice (exon 22a) that is associated with the hair cell organs of trout, chick, and rat, but is not found in human genomic sequence. The elucidation of the primary structure of the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel Ca(V)1.3 subunit from hair cells of the teleost, representing the lowest of the vertebrate classes, suggests a generality of sensory mechanism for Ca(V)1.3 across hair cell systems. In particular, the exon 9a insert of this channel appears to be the molecular feature most consistently associated with hair cells from fish to mammal, consonant with the hypothesis that the latter region may be a signature for the hair cell.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12531517&dopt=Abstract

EMBO J. 2002 Jul 1;21(13):3296-306.
Involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase SIMK in regulation of root hair tip growth.

Samaj J, Ovecka M, Hlavacka A, Lecourieux F, Meskiene I, Lichtscheidl I, Lenart P, Salaj J, Volkmann D, Bogre L, Baluska F, Hirt H.

Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in stress signaling to the actin cytoskeleton in yeast and animals. We have analyzed the function of the stress-activated alfalfa MAP kinase SIMK in root hairs. In epidermal cells, SIMK is predominantly nuclear. During root hair formation, SIMK was activated and redistributed from the nucleus into growing tips of root hairs possessing dense F-actin meshworks. Actin depolymerization by latrunculin B resulted in SIMK relocation to the nucleus. Conversely, upon actin stabilization with jasplakinolide, SIMK co-localized with thick actin cables in the cytoplasm. Importantly, latrunculin B and jasplakinolide were both found to activate SIMK in a root-derived cell culture. Loss of tip-focused SIMK and actin was induced by the MAPK kinase inhibitor UO 126 and resulted in aberrant root hairs. UO 126 inhibited targeted vesicle trafficking and polarized growth of root hairs. In contrast, overexpression of gain-of-function SIMK induced rapid tip growth of root hairs and could bypass growth inhibition by UO 126. These data indicate that SIMK plays a crucial role in root hair tip growth.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12093731&dopt=Abstract

Cells Tissues Organs. 2002;172(2):79-85.
Use of epidermal equivalents generated from follicular outer root sheath cells in vitro and for autologous grafting of chronic wounds.

Limat A, Hunziker T.

Modex Therapeutiques, Lausanne, Switzerland. Alimadxn.ch

During wound healing, outer root sheath (ORS) cells of hair follicles can substitute for interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes and thus act as precursor cells for interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes. Owing to improved culture techniques, ORS cells can be induced to develop highly differentiated epidermal equivalents, which are close to the normal human epidermis in terms of histological, ultrastructural, biochemical and immunohistological criteria. Such epidermal equivalents provide a versatile system for various applications in vitro, e.g. the study of epidermal homeostasis, cell interactions, pigmentation as well as toxicity testing and metabolism of xenobiotics. The easy and repeated availability of ORS cells, their successful multiplication in culture irrespective of the age of the hair follicle donor as well as the extended tissue normalization of epidermal equivalents prepared with ORS cells prompted us to test the usefulness of autologous epidermal equivalents for the treatment of recalcitrant chronic wounds. Autologous grafting of such epidermal equivalents in more than 50 recalcitrant leg ulcers of a mainly vascular origin resulted in an initial take rate of around 90%, with subsequent complete closure of the ulcers in about 45% and a significant size reduction in another 40% within 8 weeks. These positive results are probably due to the large compartment of proliferative cells as well as to the well-developed horny layer, which prevents rapid disintegration of the grafts. Practical advantages of this technology are its noninvasiveness and thus repeated availability, the fact that surgical facilities are not necessary and the short immobilization period after grafting, allowing a strategy of sequential application in an outpatient setting as an alternative to surgical autografting. 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12426484&dopt=Abstract

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