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hair related research references
Dev Biol. 2001 Mar 1;231(1):47-62.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2-IIIb acts upstream of Shh and Fgf4 and is required for limb bud maintenance but not for the induction of Fgf8, Fgf10, Msx1, or Bmp4.
Revest JM, Spencer-Dene B, Kerr K, De Moerlooze L, Rosewell I, Dickson C.
Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom
Mice deficient for FgfR2-IIIb were generated by placing translational stop codons and an IRES-LacZ cassette into exon IIIb of FgfR2. Expression of the alternatively spliced receptor isoform, FgfR2-IIIc, was not affected in mice deficient for the IIIb isoform. FgfR2-IIIb(-/-) (lac)(Z) mice survive to term but show dysgenesis of the kidneys, salivary glands, adrenal glands, thymus, pancreas, skin, otic vesicles, glandular stomach, and hair follicles, and agenesis of the lungs, anterior pituitary, thyroid, teeth, and limbs. Detailed analysis of limb development revealed an essential role for FgfR2-IIIb in maintaining the AER. Its absence did not prevent expression of Fgf8, Fgf10, Bmp4, and Msx1, but did prevent induction of Shh and Fgf4, indicating that they are downstream targets of FgfR2-IIIb activation. In the absence of FgfR2-IIIb, extensive apoptosis of the limb bud ectoderm and mesenchyme occurs between E10 and E10.5, providing evidence that Fgfs act primarily as survival factors. We propose that FgfR2-IIIb is not required for limb bud initiation, but is essential for its maintenance and growth.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11180951&dopt=Abstract
Gene Expr Patterns. 2003 Jun;3(3):337-9.
Cadherin expression in the inner ear of developing zebrafish.
Novince ZM, Azodi E, Marrs JA, Raymond PA, Liu Q.
Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3908, USA.
Cadherins are cell adhesion molecules that have been implicated in development of a variety of organs including the ear. In this study we analyzed expression patterns of three zebrafish cadherins (Cadherin-2, -4, and -11) in the embryonic and larval zebrafish inner ear using both in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical methods. All three Cadherins exhibit distinct spatiotemporal patterns of expression during otic vesicle morphogenesis. Cadherin-2 and Cadherin-4 proteins and their respective mRNAs were detected mainly in the sensory patches and the statoacoustic ganglion (SAg), respectively. In contrast, cadherin-11mRNA was widely expressed earlier in the otic placode, and later became restricted to a subset of cells in the inner ear, including hair cells.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12799081&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Drug Deliv. 2003 Apr-Jun;10(2):119-23.
Minoxidil-containing dosage forms: skin retention and after-rinsing hair-growth promotion.
Kim JC, Lee MH, Rang MJ.
LG Household & Health Care, Taejon, Korea.
Three kinds of topical dosage forms of minoxidil (MXD), namely vesicles, double emulsions, and an inclusion complex with hydoxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD), were prepared. The skin retention of MXD in the preparations was evaluated in vitro using hairless mouse skins. After applying the preparations onto the skin and rinsing it, the amount of the drug left on the skin was determined using HPLC. Retention was the highest when the drug was encapsulated in cationic vesicles. Nonionic vehicle, the double emulsion, and HP-beta-CD left no significant amount of the drug after rinsing the skin. Thus, an ionic interaction between the cationic vehicle and negatively charged skin is likely responsible for the relatively high skin retention. In vivo hair growth-promotion effect of each dosage form was investigated, in which the sample application onto the clipped backs of female mice (C57BL6) and the subsequent rinsing of the backs were done once a day for 30 days. Only MXD in the cationic vesicles had hair growth promotion effect, possibly due to significant skin retention.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12746058&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Am J Addict. 2000 Summer;9(3):216-21.
The validity of self-reported drug use in non-treatment seeking individuals with cocaine dependence: correlation with biochemical assays.
Elman I, Krause S, Breiter HC, Gollub RL, Heintges J, Baumgartner WA, Rosen BR, Gastfriend DR.
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA. Elman.Igogh.harvard.edu
Accurate estimate of drug exposure plays an important role in studies of the neurobiology of drug dependence. The validity of self-reported drug use by subjects participating in such studies has not been well established. This study examined the relationship between self-reported drug use and biological markers in 18 non-treatment-seeking cocaine-dependent individuals participating in research on the effects of cocaine on the brain. A significant relationship was found between self-reported frequency of cocaine use and hair cocaine concentration. Frequency of alcohol use correlated significantly with plasma carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and aspartate aminotransferase levels. These results suggest that self-reported substance use in non-treatment seeking research subjects is generally valid.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11000917&dopt=Abstract
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