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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs || Pneumonia research abs || Constipation research abs || Laxative research abs || hair research abs || hair related research references






Spine. 2000 Oct 15;25(20):2588-94.
The effect of nicotine on gene expression during spine fusion.

Theiss SM, Boden SD, Hair G, Titus L, Morone MA, Ugbo J.

Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA. Steven.Theisrtho.uab.edu

STUDY DESIGN: A rabbit model of posterolateral spine fusion was used to investigate the effect of nicotine on cytokine expression during spine fusion. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of nicotine on the known gene expression pattern of bone morphogens and related proteins expressed during spine fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The mechanism by which nicotine increases the pseudarthrosis rate of spine fusion is unknown. Recently, a distinct temporal and spatial pattern of cytokine expression during bone formation has been described. The authors hypothesized that nicotine would alter this known pattern, thereby revealing the mechanism by which nicotine exerts its effect. METHODS: Twenty-eight New Zealand White rabbits underwent posterolateral spine fusion with autogenous bone graft. Fourteen rabbits received systemic nicotine by a miniosmotic pump. Fusions were harvested at 0, 2, 5, and 7 days and 2, 3, and 4 weeks after arthrodesis. Specimens were divided into the outer zones adjacent to the transverse processes and the central zones between the transverse processes. Gene expression of type I and II collagen, bone morphogenic protein-2, -4, and -6 and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was then measured at each time point in each of the two zones. RESULTS: Nicotine inhibited expression of all cytokines measured, mainly in the central zone. However, the previously described temporal and spatial patterns of expression were preserved. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine inhibits expression of a wide range of cytokines, including those associated with neovascularization and osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, the effects of nicotine appear to involve more than just local vasoconstriction.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11034642&dopt=Abstract



J Neurosci. 2002 Nov 1;22(21):9643-50.
Effects of furosemide applied chronically to the round window: a model of metabolic presbyacusis.

Schmiedt RA, Lang H, Okamura HO, Schulte BA.

Department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA. schmierusc.edu

Hearing thresholds in elderly humans without a history of noise exposure commonly show a profile of a flat loss at low frequencies coupled with a loss that increases with frequency above approximately 2 kHz. This profile and the relatively robust distortion product otoacoustic emissions that are found in elderly subjects challenge the common belief that age-related hearing loss (presbyacusis) is based primarily on sensory-cell disorders. Here, we examine a model of presbyacusis wherein the endocochlear potential (EP) is reduced by means of furosemide applied chronically to one cochlea of a young gerbil. The model results in an EP that is reduced from 90 to approximately 60 mV, a value often seen in quiet-aged gerbils, with no concomitant loss of hair cells. Resulting measures of cochlear and neural function are quantitatively similar to those seen in aging gerbils and humans, e.g., a flat threshold loss at low frequencies with a high-frequency roll-off of approximately -8.4 dB/octave. The effect of the EP on neural thresholds can be parsimoniously explained by the known gain characteristics of the cochlear amplifier as a function of cochlear location: in the apex, amplification is limited to approximately 20 dB, whereas in the base, the gain can be as high as 60 dB. At high frequencies, amplification is directly proportional to the EP on an approximately 1 dB/mV basis. This model suggests that the primary factor in true age-related hearing loss is an energy-starved cochlear amplifier that results in a specific audiogram profile.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12417690&dopt=Abstract



Br J Ophthalmol. 2003 Aug;87(8):984-7.
Histological and morphometric analysis of the effects of argon laser epilation.

Hanumanthu S, Webb LA, Lee WR, Williamson J.

Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, UK.

AIM: To analyse the location and extent of tissue damage induced after argon laser epilation. METHODS: Laser burns were applied to the lid margins of four patients before excision for entropion ("live tissue") and the lid margin of one patient was lasered after an excision for ectropion ("dead tissue"). The laser burns were directed towards the lash follicle and between 10 and 50 burns were applied with an argon blue-green laser set at power 0.9-1.0 W, at 0.1-0.2 second duration and a 100 micro m spot size. The tissues were processed for conventional histology. Serial sections were obtained and used for area measurements and three dimensional reconstructions of the burns to determine the volume and location of tissue destruction. RESULTS: The laser created a cone-shaped region of tissue ablation with surrounding coagulative necroses. Maximum burn depth was 1.2 mm in dead tissue and 0.8 mm in live tissue. Maximum necrosis depth was 1.4 mm in dead tissue and 0.9 mm in live tissue. Follicle depth ranged from 0.8 mm to 1.9 mm. Some of the burns had been misdirected in the dermis leaving target hair follicles intact, despite being of adequate depth. CONCLUSIONS: The argon laser has some potential for ablation of lash follicles, but accurate placement of the burn is essential and energy levels greater than those currently recommended should be applied. The treatment is ineffective in patients unable to remain immobile.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12881341&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]



Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi. 1999 Jun;34(3):157-9.
[Morphological observations of the medial olivocochlear efferents in gerbils with chronic gentamicin ototoxicity]

[Article in Chinese]

Xie D, Guo Y, Wu W.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410011.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the possible involvement of the medial olivocochlear efferents (MOC) in chronic aminoglycoside ototoxicity, the morphological changes of the MOC efferents in the cochlea of Mongolian gerbils and their correlations with the impairment of the outer hair cells (OHCs) were observed. METHODS: The animals were given gentamicin in a dose of 150 mg/kg a day for 10 days. The distributions and densities of the MOC efferents were examined using the modified histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the numbers of OHCs were numerated with toluidine blue and Ehrlich haematoxylin staining on the surface preparation. RESULTS: Significant damage to the MOC fibers and terminals as well as OHCs was noted in the basal turn of the cochlea, especially in those animals examined in 7th and 11th week after the gentamicin administration. The site of the greatest impairment of OHCs was consistent with that of the MOC efferents. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that damage to the MOC efferents might play an important role in gentamicin-induced impairment of OHCs.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12764807&dopt=Abstract








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