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hair related research references
Exp Dermatol. 2002 Dec;11(6):584-91.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is a marker for dysregulated keratinocyte differentiation in human skin.
Mallbris L, O'Brien KP, Hulthen A, Sandstedt B, Cowland JB, Borregaard N, Stahle-Backdahl M.
Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a 25-kDa protein initially isolated from the specific granules of human neutrophils. It is a member of the highly heterogeneous lipocalin protein family, which shares a common tertiary structure. Its synthesis is induced in gastrointestinal epithelium in association with inflammation and malignancy. To gain insight into its potential role in other epithelia we have investigated the expression of NGAL in human skin embryonic development, in normal adult skin, and in skin associated with inflammation and neoplastic transformation. In the present study we report that the embryonic expression of NGAL appears to be regulated in a spatio-temporal pattern. It was induced in the interfollicular epidermis at 20-24 weeks of gestational age but thereafter progressively receded towards the hair follicles. In normal adult skin, NGAL was detected solely in association with hair follicles. However, strong induction of NGAL in the epidermis was seen in a variety of skin disorders characterized by dysregulated epithelial differentiation such as psoriasis, pityriasis rubra and squamous cell carcinoma. In these tissues production of NGAL was confined to spatially distinct subpopulations of keratinocytes underlying areas of parakeratosis, whereas skin samples lacking parakeratotic epithelium such as lichen ruber planus, acute contact eczema and basal cell carcinoma were negative for NGAL. Consistent with being a marker for disturbed terminal differentiation, NGAL immunoreactivity showed an inverse pattern when compared with that of the differentiation marker filaggrin. The biologic functions of NGAL in epithelia are not fully known, although an immunomodulatory role in host defense has been proposed. In addition, the transient interfollicular NGAL expression during skin embryogenesis along with the induction of NGAL in adult parakeratotic epidermis suggests it play a role in epithelial differentiation pathways.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12473066&dopt=Abstract
Lab Invest. 2002 May;82(5):585-96.
Salicylate protects hearing and kidney function from cisplatin toxicity without compromising its oncolytic action.
Li G, Sha SH, Zotova E, Arezzo J, Van de Water T, Schacht J.
Department of Otolaryngology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Salicylate has recently been demonstrated to protect against the auditory and vestibular side effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Similarities in the toxic mechanisms suggest salicylate as a treatment strategy to prevent the ototoxic side effects of cisplatin (CDDP). We first tested protection of the inner ear in Wistar rats receiving a single infusion of 16 mg CDDP/kg body weight with or without treatment with 100 mg/kg salicylate (bid) for 5 days beginning one day before the CDDP infusion. Cisplatin induced a threshold shift of more than 30 dB (at 14 kHz; measured by auditory evoked brain stem response) that was significantly reduced by salicylate. We then examined the protective potential of salicylate on the cochlea, peripheral nerves, and kidney in a rat model of breast cancer--Fisher344 rats implanted with highly metastatic MTLn3 breast cancer cells. Animals received 3 x 5 mg CDDP/kg (given every third day), and salicylate was administered at 100 mg/kg (bid) from 2 days before to 3 days after CDDP treatment. Salicylate significantly attenuated the CDDP-induced threshold shift from approximately 20 dB (at 16 and 24 kHz) to approximately 5 dB, and drastically reduced the loss of cochlear outer hair cells. Likewise, salicylate protected kidney function (measured as plasma blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels) from CDDP toxicity. Protection of nerve conduction velocities of both sensory and motor nerves was minimal. The chemotherapeutic efficacy of CDDP on suppression of tumor mass and cancer cell metastasis remained unaffected by salicylate. The results suggest that administration of salicylate may become the basis of an effective therapeutic intervention against the ototoxic and nephrotoxic side effects associated with CDDP chemotherapy.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12003999&dopt=Abstract
J Paediatr Child Health. 2001 Feb;37(1):87-90.
De novo mutation in the mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) gene (A3243G) with rapid segregation resulting in MELAS in the offspring.
Ko CH, Lam CW, Tse PW, Kong CK, Chan AK, Wong LJ.
Department of Paediatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong, China. kochunhunotmail.com
A 14-year-old Chinese boy with a normal perinatal and early developmental history presented at 5 years of age with migraine, intractable epilepsy, ataxia, supraventricular tachycardia, paralytic ileus and progressive mental deterioration. Computerized tomography revealed multiple cerebral infarcts in the parieto-occipital region without basal ganglial calcification. Magnetic resonance imaging showed increased signal intensity in T2 weighted images in the same regions. A cerebral digital subtraction angiogram was normal. Venous lactate, pyruvate, lactate to pyruvate ratio and cerebrospinal fluid lactate were elevated. Muscle biopsy did not reveal any ragged red fibres; dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase activity was normal. Mitochondrial DNA analysis detected an adenine to guanine mutation at nucleotide position 3243 of tRNALeu(UUR). All four tissues analysed demonstrated heteroplasmy: leucocyte 56%, hair follicle 70%; buccal cell 64%; muscle 54%. The mother and brother of the proband, both asymptomatic, were also found to have a heteroplasmic A3243G mutation in the leucocytes, hair follicle and buccal cells. Other members of the maternal lineage, including the maternal grandmother, did not have the mutation. This report describes a patient with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes, who presented with multisystem involvement. The absence of ragged red fibres in muscle biopsy did not preclude the diagnosis. Mutational analysis of mitochondrial DNA conveniently confirmed the diagnosis of the disorder. A de novo mutation is demonstrated in this family.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11168879&dopt=Abstract
J Womens Health. 1999 Mar;8(2):269-77.
Using qualitative methods to elicit recall of a critical time period.
Hatch M, von Ehrenstein O, Wolff M, Meier K, Geduld A, Einhorn F.
Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
The period during and after puberty seems to be important for breast cancer initiation. Because experiences during that time are likely to be influenced by a woman's cultural background, we conducted a pilot study among Hispanic and Caucasian women to elicit their memories of early life events. These data were used to design culture-specific questionnaire modules for the retrospective assessment of peripubertal breast cancer risk factors, using specific strategies to trigger accurate recall. Study subjects were volunteer breast cancer survivors or relatives of survivors. In carrying out this work, we took methods from the social sciences and applied them to a research question in chronic disease epidemiology. We found both qualitative and quantitative differences in recall of peripubertal exposures and experiences between Hispanic and Caucasian subjects. Our preliminary data indicate that in contrast to Caucasian women, Hispanic women consider the church rather than school a touchstone for recalling past events. Under the domain "body development," Hispanic women are more likely to mention menstruation than Caucasian women but less likely to recall changes in body hair and breast development. Caucasian women cited team sports as an important physical activity during the peripubertal period, whereas Hispanic women listed more sedentary games and housework as the main activities. Results of our pilot study support the view that to enhance the validity of retrospective data on peripubertal breast cancer risk factors, it is important to take account of cultural differences. Our experience using qualitative methods to elicit data of this kind in the context of a larger epidemiologic research effort suggests that such innovative approaches are valuable.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10100140&dopt=Abstract
Natural Herbal Supplement: Hair Million
The most ostensive feature that distinguishes us human from chimps and other primates is the lack of bodily hair. During evolutionary process, we have lost the majority of hair. Hair is no longer a biologically essential part of our body, just
like appendix. The hair we still have on our scalp and a few other bodily parts is still regarded as significant for reasons other than biological necessity. Hair loss is naturally accompanied by aging process, although the extent of hair loss and the timing of onset vary widely among individuals. Thus, loss of hair and baldness is considered as a symbol of maturity or old age. Like winkles and other signs of aging, hair loss is not welcome by most people, because we don't welcome aging, and being perceived as an aging person. However, it is alopecia, or premature hair loss that especially concerns certain people.
While the hair loss and resulting baldness in general have not been proven to be related to underlying health problems, there are certain correlations between hair loss and health problems. For instance, premature hair loss could suggest premature aging or nutritional and hormonal imbalance, stressful life, use of drugs that cause hair loss as a side effect, skin disease, or heart disease. The balding appearance could also impart a subdued impression of integrity in bodily health and youthfulness.
Fortunately, in many cases, hair loss is reversible by change in lifestyle and/or nutritional supplementation. Herbal hair growth formula and other nutritional supplements have been shown to be effective in warding off hair loss and resuming hair growth. Certain prescription drugs such as Buy Propecia Online may also reverse hair loss by blocking the formation of DHT, a hormonal byproduct produced inceasingly as a person age.
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