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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs || Pneumonia research abs || Constipation research abs || Laxative research abs || hair research abs || hair related research references






Metabolism. 2003 Jul;52(7):927-9.
Production rates of testosterone and of dihydrotestosterone in female pattern hair loss.

Vierhapper H, Maier H, Nowotny P, Waldhausl W.

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Vienna, Austria.

Production rates of testosterone (T) and of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were determined in young women (n=8, age, 23 to 40 years) with female-pattern hair loss using the stable isotope dilution technique and mass spectrometry. 1 alpha,2 alpha-d-testosterone and 2,3,4-13C-dihydro-testosterone were infused for 10 hours at a dose of 2 microg/h each and blood samples were obtained at 20-minute intervals during the last 4 hours of the observation period. In the presence of normal metabolic clearance rates (MCRs), production rates of T were increased (9.4+/-5.0 microg/h; normal, 4.3+/-1.9 microg/h, P<.05). MCRs of DHT (8.0+/-3.4 L/h; normal, 25.9+/-12.3 L/h, P<.002) were subnormal in all women and the production rates of DHT were within or below the normal range (mean, 1.6+/-0.6 microg/h; normal, 2.9+/-1.1 microg/h, P<.02). Unlike men with male-pattern baldness, women with female-pattern baldness are characterized by increased production rates of T, but not of DHT. These results are compatible with the idea that 5 alpha-reductase inhibition is of no therapeutical value in female-pattern baldness.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12870172&dopt=Abstract



Mil Med. 2000 Sep;165(9):698-700.
Efficacy of 1% permethrin for the treatment of head louse infestations among Kosovar refugees.

Manjrekar RR, Partridge SK, Korman AK, Barwick RS, Juranek DD.

National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.

We assessed the prevalence of head louse infestation and the effectiveness of 1% permethrin against head lice in Kosovar refugees. A currently infested case was defined as a person with observable crawling lice (adults or nymphs) or a person with nits on the hair shaft within a quarter-inch of the scalp. Of the 1,051 refugees screened upon arrival in the United States, 107 (10%) were infested. Crawling lice (adults or nymphs) were observed on 62 (6%) of the individuals examined. Refugees with crawling lice were treated with a pediculicide containing 1% permethrin. Of these, 57 were reexamined the next day. Twenty of the 57 individuals were reexamined 7 days after treatment. No crawling lice were found on any of the refugees examined after treatment. We conclude that 1% permethrin treatment was effective in louse control in this refugee population.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11011544&dopt=Abstract



Am J Pathol. 2000 Dec;157(6):1777-83.
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 promoter activity is induced coincident with invasion during tumor progression.

Kupferman ME, Fini ME, Muller WJ, Weber R, Cheng Y, Muschel RJ.

Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9, also known as gelatinase B or 92-kd Type IV collagenase) is overexpressed in many human and murine cancers. We induced carcinomas in mice carrying a transgene that links the MMP-9 promoter to the reporter ss-galactosidase so that activation of the MMP-9 promoter would be indicated by ss-galactosidase. Mammary carcinomas were induced by mating the MMP-9 promoter reporter transgenic mice with mice carrying a transgene for murine mammary tumor virus promoter linked to polyoma middle T antigen, a transgene that leads to rapid development of mammary tumors in female mice. None of the hyperplastic mammary glands and none of the carcinomas in situ expressed ss-galactosidase. However, all invasive tumors had evidence of ss-galactosidase expression. In addition to the breast carcinomas, a malignant teratoma in a female and a papillary adenocarcinoma in the pelvic region of a male arose and were also ss-galactosidase positive. We also induced skin tumors in the mice with the MMP-9 reporter transgene with 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) treatment followed by phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetate (TPA). None of the papillomas or in situ carcinomas showed any ss-galactosidase expression, but expression was seen in invasive carcinoma. Although normal skin epithelial cells did not express ss-galactosidase, we did find staining in a few cells at the duct of the sebaceous gland at the base of the hair follicles. The MMP-9 reporter transgene did not lead to expression in the alveolar macrophages, confirming that additional upstream sequences are required for expression in macrophages. These experiments have revealed that MMP-9 promoter activity is induced coincident with invasion during tumor progression. Furthermore, this indicates that the more proximal upstream elements of the promoter are sufficient for MMP-9 transcription during tumor progression.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11106549&dopt=Abstract



J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2003 Jun;8(1):100-3.
The distribution of estrogen receptor beta is distinct to that of estrogen receptor alpha and the androgen receptor in human skin and the pilosebaceous unit.

Thornton MJ, Taylor AH, Mulligan K, Al-Azzawi F, Lyon CC, O'Driscoll J, Messenger AG.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK. M.J.Thortoradford.ac.uk

Both estrogens and androgens play important parts in skin and hair physiology, although studies of estrogen action in human skin have been rather limited. Recently, a second estrogen receptor (beta) has been identified in many nonclassical target tissues, including androgen-dependent tissues. Therefore, we have revisited the role of estrogens in human skin and hair by comparing the pattern of expression by immunohistochemistry for both estrogen receptors (alpha and beta) and the androgen receptor. Immunolocalization of androgen receptors was only seen in hair follicle dermal papilla cells and the basal cells of the sebaceous gland. Little specific staining of estrogen receptor alpha was seen anywhere except the sebaceous gland. In contrast estrogen receptor beta was highly expressed in epidermis, blood vessels, and dermal fibroblasts, whereas in the hair follicle it was localized to nuclei of the outer root sheath, epithelial matrix, and dermal papilla cells. Serial sections also showed strong nuclear expression of estrogen receptor beta in the cells of the bulge, whereas neither estrogen receptor alpha or androgen receptor was expressed. In the sebaceous gland, estrogen receptor beta was expressed in both basal and partially differentiated sebocytes in a similar pattern to estrogen receptor alpha. There was no obvious difference in the expression of either estrogen receptor in male or female nonbalding scalp skin. The results of this immunohistochemical study propose that estrogen receptor beta and not estrogen receptor alpha is the main mediator of estrogen action in human skin and the hair follicle. Further studies with androgen-dependent skin are required to determine whether estrogen receptor beta has a regulatory role on androgen receptor expression in the hair follicle in parallel with its role in other androgen-dependent tissues.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12895004&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]








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