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hair related research references
Dermatology. 2000;201(2):168-70.
A case of lipedematous alopecia occurring in a male patient.
Ikejima A, Yamashita M, Ikeda S, Ogawa H.
Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
A 30-year-old Japanese man presented with a thickening of the scalp and diffuse alopecia on the vertex. A skin biopsy specimen of the thickened scalp showed an increased thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue and a marked decrease in the number of hair follicles. By an MRI examination, the irregularly thickened subcutaneous fatty tissue was visualized. These findings indicated that the patient had been suffering from lipedematous alopecia. This is a rare condition characterized by diffuse alopecia due to the thickening of the layer of adipose tissue covering the scalp. Only 4 female cases of lipedematous alopecia have been reported previously. MRI is thought to be useful for the differentiation of lipedematous alopecia from lipoma. The present case is considered to present the first male patient with lipedematous alopecia. 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11053925&dopt=Abstract
Planta. 2003 Jun;217(2):206-17. Epub 2003 Feb 12.
Elevated levels of N-lauroylethanolamine, an endogenous constituent of desiccated seeds, disrupt normal root development in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.
Blancaflor EB, Hou G, Chapman KD.
Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, OK 73401, Ardmore, USA.
N-Acylethanolamines (NAEs) are prevalent in desiccated seeds of various plant species, and their levels decline substantially during seed imbibition and germination. Here, seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. were germinated in, and seedlings maintained on, micromolar concentrations of N-lauroylethanolamine (NAE 12:0). NAE 12:0 inhibited root elongation, increased radial swelling of root tips, and reduced root hair numbers in a highly selective and concentration-dependent manner. These effects were reversible when seedlings were transferred to NAE-free medium. Older seedlings (14 days old) acclimated to exogenous NAE by increased formation of lateral roots, and generally, these lateral roots did not exhibit the severe symptoms observed in primary roots. Cells of NAE-treated primary roots were swollen and irregular in shape, and in many cases showed evidence, at the light- and electron-microscope levels, of improper cell wall formation. Microtubule arrangement was disrupted in severely distorted cells close to the root tip, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized green fluorescent protein (mGFP5-ER) was more abundant, aggregated and distributed differently in NAE-treated root cells, suggesting disruption of proper cell division, endomembrane organization and vesicle trafficking. These results suggest that NAE 12:0 likely influences normal cell expansion in roots by interfering with intracellular membrane trafficking to and/or from the cell surface. The rapid metabolism of NAEs during seed imbibition/germination may be a mechanism to remove this endogenous class of lipid mediators to allow for synchronized membrane reorganization associated with cell expansion.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12783328&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
J Invest Dermatol. 2003 Jan;120(1):20-6.
Shift of localized growth zones contributes to skin appendage morphogenesis: role of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.
Chodankar R, Chang CH, Yue Z, Jiang TX, Suksaweang S, Burrus L, Chuong CM, Widelitz R.
Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Skin appendage formation represents a process of regulated new growth. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling of developing chicken skin demonstrated the presence of localized growth zones, which first promote appendage formation and then move within each appendage to produce specific shapes. Initially, cells proliferate all over the presumptive skin. During the placode stage they are organized to form periodic rings. At the short feather bud stage, the localized growth zones shifted to the posterior and then the distal bud. During the long bud stage, the localized growth zones descended through the flank region toward the feather collar (equivalent to the hair matrix). During feather branch formation, the localized growth zones were positioned periodically in the basilar layer to enhance branching of barb ridges. Wnts were expressed in a dynamic fashion during feather morphogenesis that coincided with the shifting localized growth zones positions. The expression pattern of Wnt 6 was examined and compared with other members of the Wnt pathway. Early in feather development Wnt 6 expression overlapped with the location of the localized growth zones. Its function was tested through misexpression studies. Ectopic Wnt 6 expression produced abnormal localized outgrowths from the skin appendages at either the base, the shaft, or the tip of the developing feathers. Later in feather filament morphogenesis, several Wnt markers were expressed in regions undergoing rearrangements and differentiation of barb ridge keratinocytes. These data suggest that skin appendages are built to specific shapes by adding new cells from well-positioned and controlled localized growth zones and that Wnt activity is involved in regulating such localized growth zone activity.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12535194&dopt=Abstract
FASEB J. 2000 Oct;14(13):1931-42.
A role for p75 neurotrophin receptor in the control of apoptosis-driven hair follicle regression.
Botchkarev VA, Botchkareva NV, Albers KM, Chen LH, Welker P, Paus R.
*Department of Dermatology, Charite, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
To examine the mechanisms that underlie the neurotrophin-induced, apoptosis-driven hair follicle involution (catagen), the expression and function of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), which is implicated in apoptosis control, were studied during spontaneous catagen development in murine skin. By RT-PCR, high steady-state p75NTR mRNA skin levels were found during the anagen-catagen transition of the hair follicle. By immunohistochemistry, p75NTR alone was strongly expressed in TUNEL+/Bcl2- keratinocytes of the regressing outer root sheath, but both p75NTR and TrkB and/or TrkC were expressed by the nonregressing TUNEL-/Bcl2+ secondary hair germ keratinocytes. To determine whether p75NTR is functionally involved in catagen control, spontaneous catagen development was compared in vivo between p75NTR knockout (-/-) and wild-type mice. There was significant catagen retardation in p75NTR knockout mice as compared to wild-type controls (P<0.05). Instead, transgenic mice-overexpressing NGF (promoter: K14) showed substantial acceleration of catagen (P<0.001). Although NGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) accelerated catagen in the organ-cultured skin of C57BL/6 mice, these neurotrophins failed to promote catagen development in the organ-cultured p75NTR null skin. These findings suggest that p75NTR signaling is involved in the control of kerotinocyte apoptosis during catagen and that pharmacological manipulation of p75NTR signaling may prove useful for the treatment of hair disorders that display premature entry into catagen.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11023977&dopt=Abstract
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problems.
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