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hair related research references
Mech Dev. 2002 Aug;116(1-2):243-7.
Cloning and expression of the mouse dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase Mkp3 during mouse embryogenesis.
Klock A, Herrmann BG.
Max-Planck-Institut fur Immunbiologie, Abt. Entwicklungsbiologie, Stubeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatases (MKPs) constitute a growing family of dual specificity phosphatases, which dephosphorylate both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues of MAP kinases. MAP kinase signaling cascades are involved in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In mammals, ten members of the dual-specificity MKP family have so far been identified. In this report, we describe the cloning and expression analysis of the mouse Mkp3 gene. During early development, expression of Mkp3 is most prominent in the primitive streak, presomitic mesoderm and somites, frontonasal prominence, midbrain/hindbrain boundary, branchial arches and limb buds. At later stages, expression is also detected in the tooth primordia, vibrissae, hair follicles, pinna, submandibular gland, mammary gland primordia, lung and kidney. Strong expression was detected in the adult brain.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12128234&dopt=Abstract
Hear Res. 2003 May;179(1-2):33-42.
Auditory peripheral influences on calcium binding protein immunoreactivity in the cochlear nucleus during aging in the C57BL/6J mouse.
Idrizbegovic E, Bogdanovic N, Viberg A, Canlon B.
Department of Audiology, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
The C57BL/6J (C57) mouse was selected as a suitable model for early presbyacusis to determine if there were correlations between peripheral pathology (spiral ganglion loss, inner and outer hair cell loss) and calcium binding immunoreactivity in the cochlear nucleus during aging. The quantitative stereological method, the optical fractionator, was used for determining the total number of neurons and calcium binding immunopositive neurons (calbindin, parvalbumin and calretinin) during aging in the posteroventral- and dorsal cochlear nucleus (PVCN and DCN) in C57 mice. Comparing 30-month-old to 1-month-old C57 mice, a percent increase in parvalbumin and calbindin immunoreactivity was evident in both the PVCN and DCN. Correlations were made between peripheral pathology (spiral ganglion and inner and outer hair cell loss) and calcium binding protein expression. Significant correlations between cochlear pathology and the percentage of parvalbumin and calretinin immunoreactive neurons were demonstrated in the DCN. Moreover, significant correlations were found between cochlear pathology and parvalbumin and calbindin in the PVCN. In summary, the findings imply that degenerative changes in the auditory periphery can modulate neuronal homeostasis by increasing calcium binding proteins in the PVCN and DCN during aging. Taken together, these findings suggest a role for calcium binding proteins in protecting against age-induced calcium toxicity.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12742236&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Dermatol Surg. 1999 Feb;25(2):113-5.
Solar-induced postinflammatory hyperpigmentation after laser hair removal.
Hasan AT, Eaglstein W, Pardo RJ.
Dermatology and Laser Surgery Center, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.
BACKGROUND: Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIHP) is a frequently encountered problem in many cosmetic procedures. The treatment of PIHP is difficult and remains a challenge. OBJECTIVE: To treat a patient who developed multiple hyperpigmented macules on her thighs due to sun exposure after treatment of unwanted hair using a normal-mode ruby pulse laser. METHODS: The patient was treated daily with tretinoin (Retin A) 0.1% cream, triamcinolone 0.1% cream, and hydroquinone 4% cream with sunscreen (Solaquin forte), and was to avoid sun exposure. Several sites received monthly treatment of 40% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The degree of clinical improvement of the hyperpigmentation was assessed by both the physician and the patient. RESULTS: Cosmetic results were fair. The amount of hair in her thighs was reduced but the PIHP responded only slightly to therapy. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge this is the first case of solar-induced PIHP following laser hair removal. The treatment of PIHP is difficult because there are few therapeutic options that are consistently successful. Avoidance of exposure to ultraviolet light should be emphasized to all patients prior to laser therapy. We demonstrated that serial TCA peels provided an additional benefit compared to medical treatment.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10037515&dopt=Abstract
J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2002 Jun;188(5):381-95. Epub 2002 May 04.
Muscarinic receptors modulate intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in hyaline cells of the chicken basilar papilla.
Lippe WR, Zirpel L, Stone JS.
Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Box 357923, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7923, USA. lipp.washington.edu
Nonsensory hyaline cells border the sensory epithelium of the auditory end-organ (basilar papilla) in birds and reptiles. Their innervation by cochlear cholinergic efferent fibers and the presence of contractile proteins suggest that hyaline cells may actively regulate basilar membrane mechanics. The cholinergic pharmacology of hyaline cells was studied by measuring the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) of fura-2-loaded cells in the chicken cochlea in vitro. Superfusion of the cholinergic agonist carbachol produced a dose-dependent increase in hyaline cell [Ca(2+)](i) (EC(50)=1.05 micromol l(-1)) and small responses in short hair cells. Calcium increases in hyaline cells were evoked by the muscarinic agonists oxotremorine (10 micromol l(-1)) and muscarine (100 micromol l(-1)) whereas nicotine (100 micromol l(-1), 200 micromol l(-1)) was without effect. Carbachol-evoked responses were blocked by the muscarinic antagonist atropine (>or=10(-13) mol l(-1)) and were unaffected by the nicotinic antagonists d-tubocurare (100 micromol l(-1), 1 mmol l(-1)) and hexamethonium (100 micromol l(-1)). Responses persisted in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) and were abolished by thapsigargin (1 micromol l(-1)). These results indicate that the cholinergic-stimulated increase in hyaline cell [Ca(2+)](i) is due to a muscarinic-mediated release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. This is the first evidence that hyaline cells possess a muscarinic receptor whose activation causes mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+).
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12073083&dopt=Abstract
While the hair loss and resulting baldness in general have not been proven to be related to underlying health problems, there are certain correlations between hair loss and health problems. For instance, premature hair loss could suggest premature aging or nutritional and hormonal imbalances, stressful life, use of drugs that cause hair loss as a side effect, skin disease, or heart disease. The balding appearance could also impart a subdued impression of integrity in bodily health and youthfulness. Fortunately, in many cases, hair loss is reversible by change in lifestyle and/or nutritional supplementation. Herbal hair growth formula and other nutritional supplements have been shown to be effective in warding off hair loss and resuming hair growth. Certain prescription drugs such as Propecia may also reverse hair loss by blocking the formation of DHT, a hormonal byproduct produced inceasingly as a person age.
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