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Interferon research abs 1 || Hemoglobin research abs || Stem cell research abs || Nucleic acid research abs || Herpes research abs || Bronchitis research abs || Schizophrenia research abs || Tuberculosis research abs || Pneumonia research abs || Constipation research abs || Laxative research abs || hair research abs || hair related research references

J Anal Toxicol. 1999 Jan-Feb;23(1):11-6.
Highly sensitive quantitation of methamphetamine by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay using a new europium chelate as a label.

Kimura H, Yuan J, Wang G, Matsumoto K, Mukaida M.

Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

A simple and highly sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay of methamphetamine (MA) using a new fluorescent europium chelate (BHHCT-Eu3+) as a label is described. Two variations of competitive immunoassay were attempted. In the first (one-step) assay, microtiter plates coated with anti-MA were used, and the new label was bound to a conjugate of bovine serum albumin and N-(4-aminobutyl)-MA (MA-BSA). In the second (two-step) assay, instead of the labeled MA-BSA, biotinylated MA-BSA and BHHCT-Eu3+-labeled streptavidin-BSA were used. The lowest measurable concentrations of MA for the one-step and the two-step methods were 1 ng/mL (25 pg/assay) and 1 pg/mL (25 fg/assay), respectively. These were 10 to 1000 times superior to the detection limits of MA in any other immunoassay. Intra-assay coefficient of variation was approximately 2-8% at eight different concentrations (n = 4). Analysis of 34 urine samples with the new method and conventional gas chromatography showed a good correlation (r = 0.954). The high detectability of the present assay also enabled segmental hair analysis with a few centimeters of a hair.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10022203&dopt=Abstract

Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Jun 28;447(1):59-65.
Up-regulation of ORL-1 receptors in spinal tissue of allodynic rats after sciatic nerve injury.

Briscini L, Corradini L, Ongini E, Bertorelli R.

Schering-Plough Research Institute, San Raffaele Science Park, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132-, Milan, Italy.

Nociceptin, acting through the opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) receptor, produces anti-nociception in several models of neuropathy. We examined the involvement of the ORL1 receptor system in the allodynia developed after sciatic nerve ligation. Allodynic rats were selected by the von Frey hair and treated intrathecally with nociceptin or morphine. The peptide induced dose-dependent anti-allodynic activities, while morphine was effective at the higher dose only. By the semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, the two described ORL1 receptor isoforms were up-regulated in the allodynic animals, but unmodified in non-allodynic rats. Both short and long ORL1 receptor mRNA isoforms increased in the ipsilateral lumbar enlargement (by 50% and 100%, respectively), while 50% and 60% increases were found in the ipsilateral L5-L6 dorsal root ganglia, respectively. No significant changes were observed for either the nociceptin precursor or mu-opioid receptor expression. Thus, the ORL1 receptor system seems to regulate the mechano-allodynia that developed after nerve damage, suggesting its potential role in the treatment of neuropathic pain.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12106803&dopt=Abstract

Physiol Bohemoslov. 1976;25(1):87-91.
The hair melanosome: another tissue reservoir of zinc.

Borovansky J, Horcicko J, Duchon J.

Melanosomes were isolated from human and dog hairs and their Zn content was determined. The mean Zn concentrations, in mug Zn/g dry weight, were 687 (men's melanosomes), 641 (women's melanosomes) and 691 (dog melanosomes). These values rank melanosomes from pigmented keratinous structures among the structural elements with the highest Zn content. An interpretation of the possible causes of this accumulation was submitted. By means of the conversion factor between hair length and weight (determined at 0.004), it was estimated that daily Zn lossess via hair vary in the region of 19 mug. In detailed studies of Zn metabolism, excretion via pigmented keratinous structures ought not to be neglected.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=131341&dopt=Abstract

Development. 2003 Jan;130(1):221-32.
The zinc finger transcription factor Gfi1, implicated in lymphomagenesis, is required for inner ear hair cell differentiation and survival.

Wallis D, Hamblen M, Zhou Y, Venken KJ, Schumacher A, Grimes HL, Zoghbi HY, Orkin SH, Bellen HJ.

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Gfi1 was first identified as causing interleukin 2-independent growth in T cells and lymphomagenesis in mice. Much work has shown that Gfi1 and Gfi1b, a second mouse homolog, play pivotal roles in blood cell lineage differentiation. However, neither Gfi1 nor Gfi1b has been implicated in nervous system development, even though their invertebrate homologues, senseless in Drosophila and pag-3 in C. elegans are expressed and required in the nervous system. We show that Gfi1 mRNA is expressed in many areas that give rise to neuronal cells during embryonic development in mouse, and that Gfi1 protein has a more restricted expression pattern. By E12.5 Gfi1 mRNA is expressed in both the CNS and PNS as well as in many sensory epithelia including the developing inner ear epithelia. At later developmental stages, Gfi1 expression in the ear is refined to the hair cells and neurons throughout the inner ear. Gfi1 protein is expressed in a more restricted pattern in specialized sensory cells of the PNS, including the eye, presumptive Merkel cells, the lung and hair cells of the inner ear. Gfi1 mutant mice display behavioral defects that are consistent with inner ear anomalies, as they are ataxic, circle, display head tilting behavior and do not respond to noise. They have a unique inner ear phenotype in that the vestibular and cochlear hair cells are differentially affected. Although Gfi1-deficient mice initially specify inner ear hair cells, these hair cells are disorganized in both the vestibule and cochlea. The outer hair cells of the cochlea are improperly innervated and express neuronal markers that are not normally expressed in these cells. Furthermore, Gfi1 mutant mice lose all cochlear hair cells just prior to and soon after birth through apoptosis. Finally, by five months of age there is also a dramatic reduction in the number of cochlear neurons. Hence, Gfi1 is expressed in the developing nervous system, is required for inner ear hair cell differentiation, and its loss causes programmed cell death.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12441305&dopt=Abstract

The average human scalp is covered by approximatey 100,000 hair follicles. Each hair undergoes Loss of hair itself does not pose critical health problems because biological role of human hair is relatively marginal. Hair on our scalp protects the head from mechanical shock, heat loss, and exposure to UV-light. The eyelashes and eyebrowes protect the eyes, and hair in the ear canal or the nasal passages help filter out particles and pathogens, thus protecting our internal organs. However, hair does play important social role: it is one of the major determinants of our appearance and identity in daily life. Fullness of hair also implicates or manifests physical integrity and youthfulness of the person. Losing hair could have more than just emotional impacts on individuals. The hair is a unique organ that goes through a characteristic cycle consisting of an immature phase, a growing phase called anagen, a transitional phase between the growing phase and the resting phase called catagen, and finally a resting phase called telogen in which the hair stops growing, waiting to fall out. 85-90% of hairs on our body are in anagen phase or growing phase, which lasts anywhere from two to five years. This phase is followed by a short regression phase, or catagen, which lasts 2-3 weeks. Approximately 1% of hair follicles are in catagen. Approximately 10-15% of hair follicles are in the resting phase, the telogen, which lasts about 3-5 months. Hair follicles typically goes through 10-20 asynchronous cycles during the lifetime. Persistent loss of more than 150 hairs would consist a state of hair loss, or alopecia, albeit it could be temporary.

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