References: Hair growth and hair loss
J Fam Pract. 1984 Sep;19(3):315-21.
Therapeutic uses of contraceptive steroids.
Starks GC.
During the past 20 years, contraceptive steroids have undergone significant changes as the result of an increased understanding of their metabolic, pharmacologic, and hormonal activities. During this time, prospective and retrospective epidemiologic studies have elucidated several noncontraceptive health benefits of oral contraceptive steroids, including their therapeutic effects for endometriosis, dysmenorrhea, polycystic ovarian disease, and benign breast disease. From this review it appears that the benefits of oral contraceptive steroids in young, healthy, nonsmoking women far outweigh their more publicized, infrequent risks.
PIP: This paper reviews the therapeutic effects of orsl ontraceptive steroids in the treatment of endometriosis, dysmenorrhea, polycystic ovarian disease, and benign breast disease. During the past 20 years, understanding of the metabolic, hormonal, and pharmacological activities of contraceptive steroids has increased. A refinement of dosage combinations and the introduction of biphasic and triphasic preparations have increased the versatility and therapeutic applications of contraceptive steroids. Their major mode of action is exerted at the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian and uterine sites, making them suitable for the treatment of abnormal states related to these areas. Use of contraceptive steroids in the treatment of endometriosis produces symptomatic relief in 47-83% and fertility restoration in 40-72%, with a clinical recurrence rate of 11-35%. The prefered regimen in patients not immediately desirous of pregnancy is chronic suppression for 6-9 months with a low-dose contraceptive agent, followed by cyclic therapy. Contraceptive steroids produce symptomatic relief in 90% of women with primary dysmenorrhea and have the added benefits of less bleeding and fewer pregnancies. In cases of hirsutism, a 50% reduction of androstenedione and testosterone is achieved at the end of 4-6 weeks of therapy. Oral contraceptive steroids also suppress gonadotropin secretion, decrease stromal androgens, and prevent endometrial hyperplasia or neoplasia through a progestin-dominated estrogen progestin substitution in polycystic ovarian disease. An estrogen-progestin combination is recommended for the management of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Contraceptive steriods have also been effective in the treatment of benign breast conditions such as cyclic breast pain and nodularity. Finally, contraceptive steroids have been used as the 1st line of medical therapy in women under 35 years of age with functional ovarian cysts. This review suggests that the benefits of contraceptive steroids in young, healthy, nonsmoking women far outweigh their more publicized, infrequent risks.
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Am J Med Genet. 1984 Aug;18(4):591-616.
The first Meckel oration: on the causes of morphological differences in a population of guinea pigs.
Wright S.
The first morphological abnormality considered here was of a very superficial sort: deviations from the smooth coat of wild cavies and most guinea pigs. The deviations of "rough-furred" individuals range from a single irregularity or a single pair of rosettes to the "full rough" pattern. Roughness may be restricted to the hind toes, forehead, or hair around the eyes or belly, or (very rarely) to a small area on one side of the back. There is no indication of gene control in the last, and no analysis of the only strain (in Professor Castle's laboratory) that I have seen, of roughness restricted to the belly. A dominant gene, R, in combination with a semidominant modifier, M, account for the fancier roughs (R-MM toes only, R-mm full rough). A gene, st, that is completely dominant in the absence of R, semidominant in its presence, was descended from 3 animals from outside the colony. It accounts for a large forehead rosette, usually with a small white spot in front of its center. A statistically semidominant gene, Re, with extremely irregular, often asymmetric penetrance tends to cause rosettes about the eyes. This arose by mutation late in the history of the Whitman colony. It is strengthened by presence of R MM. Considerable variation occurs in the numbers of dorsal rosettes of R Mm and R mm. These have not been analyzed satisfactorily because the genetic differences are confounded by nongenetic ones. It is not practicable to summarize briefly all of the complex interaction effects of these factors, but it may be noted that the most surprising one had to do with genes St and R. The forehead rosette due to rr St closely resembles that of R mm (except for the absence of the pleiotropic white spot). The combination, R mm St St, shows none of the expected enhancement but instead shows nearly complete cancellation of the rosette. Moreover, the anterior dorsal rosettes of R mm st st are much reduced and seemingly shoved backward and laterally to give a large smooth shield back of the ears. St St also reduces the usual dorsal pair of rosettes of R Mm. With St st, all of these antagonistic effects are weaker and less regular. Another morphological deviation to be considered was the fairly common restoration of an atavistic little toe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1981 May-Jun;89(3 Pt 1):504-10.
Adjunctive procedures to maximize the result of cosmetic eyelid surgery.
Dicker RL, Syracuse VR.
The cosmetic blepharoplasty should be complemented by surgical procedures that augment the favorable aesthetics of the blepharoplasty. A blepharoplasty is frequently not fully satisfying to the patient or the surgeon. The plastic surgeon must recognize the need for adjunctive procedures such as eyebrow lift, blepharocanthoplasty, malar implants, dermal abrasion, chemosurgery, and temporoauricular lift to fulfill the more ideal expectations of both surgeon and patient. Evaluation of the aesthetic requirements for youthful restoration around the eye and the need for additional surgical techniques to enhance the beauty of the eye is discussed. Included in the discussion are the techniques used for the various procedures, the complications that can arise, and the reward of surgery performed in conjunction with the routine blepharoplasty or instead of it.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6791116&dopt=Abstract
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