References: Hair growth and hair loss
Am J Pathol. 2004 Feb;164(2):623-34.
Collapse and restoration of MHC class-I-dependent immune privilege: exploiting the human hair follicle as a model.
Ito T, Ito N, Bettermann A, Tokura Y, Takigawa M, Paus R.
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
The collapse of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I-dependent immune privilege can lead to autoimmune disease or fetal rejection. Pragmatic and instructive models are needed to clarify the as yet obscure controls of MHC class I down-regulation in situ, to dissect the principles of immune privilege generation, maintenance, and collapse as well as to develop more effective strategies for immune privilege restoration. Here, we propose that human scalp hair follicles, which are abundantly available and easily studied, are ideally suited for this purpose: interferon-gamma induces ectopic MHC class I expression in the constitutively MHC class-I-negative hair matrix epithelium of organ-cultured anagen hair bulbs, likely via interferon regulatory factor-1, along with up-regulation of the MHC class I pathway molecules beta(2)microglobulin and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP-2). In the first report to identify natural immunomodulators capable of down-regulating MHC class I expression in situ in a normal, neuroectoderm-derived human tissue, we show that ectopic MHC class I expression in human anagen hair bulbs can be normalized by treatment with alpha-MSH, IGF-1, or TGF-beta1, all of which are locally generated, as well as by FK506. These agents are promising candidates for immune privilege restoration and for suppressing MHC class I expression where this is clinically desired (eg, in alopecia areata, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune uveitis, mumps orchitis, and fetal or allograft rejection).
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14742267&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Lik Sprava. 1992 Aug;(8):89-91.
[The effect of nizoral on the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian system in virilism]
[Article in Russian]
Manusharova RA.
A study is presented of the effect of nisoral on the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian system in 25 patients with hyperandrogenism (ovarian in 11, suprarenal in 14). It was established that most patients with oligomenorrhea and anovulation showed a restoration of the menstrual cycle after the 2-3 treatment courses and also absence of progression and reduction of the rate of pathological hair growth. After nisoral treatment the testosterone level decreased while estradiol and progesterone increased, gonadotropins remained unchanged, urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids reduced.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1475939&dopt=Abstract
Int J Dev Neurosci. 1992 Oct;10(5):407-11.
Recovery of vestibular function in young guinea pigs after streptomycin treatment. Glutamate decarboxylase activity and nystagmus response assessment.
Meza G, Solano-Flores LP, Poblano A.
Depto, Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, UNAM, Mexico, D.F.
Fifty-day streptomycin (STP) treatment in guinea pigs causes specific vestibular hair cell (VHC) types I and II (HCI; HCII) degeneration, depletion of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and a gradual disappearance of postrotatory nystagmus response (PRNR), which is a sign of vestibular function alteration. In order to look for a possible spontaneous reversibility and its time course guinea pigs receiving 300 mg/kg STP daily were monitored for PRNR and vestibular GAD loss. Once PRNR was lost, STP was interrupted and the animal was allowed to recover; at the time that PRNR was completely reestablished, vestibular GAD was measured. PRNR was lost within 22-25 days of STP treatment. Vestibular GAD showed a loss that, with time of treatment, gave two slopes: a fast decrement (45% in 20 days) and a slow one (40% in the remaining 30). Stopping of the STP treatment after 22-25 days and animal recovery resulted in the return of both PRNR and GAD activity 22 days after STP stoppage. These results suggest two STP-susceptible GAD-containing VHC populations, one more sensitive than the other, possibly HCI followed by hair cell II (HCII). As hypothetic HCI loss and PRNR disappearance is simultaneous, the important role of the former for vestibular function could be inferred. Interruption of STP treatment after PRNR loss results in a long range restoration of both GAD activity and vestibular function, and thus recovery of HCI, the first evidence of its occurrence in a mammalian vestibule, could be suggested. The intimate mechanism of this recovery remains to be seen.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1492592&dopt=Abstract
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