References: Hair growth and hair loss
Planta. 2003 Dec;218(2):217-25. Epub 2003 Sep 19.
Hypaphorine, an indole-3-acetic acid antagonist delivered by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius, induces reorganisation of actin and the microtubule cytoskeleton in Eucalyptus globulus ssp bicostata root hairs.
Ditengou FA, Raudaskoski M, Lapeyrie F.
UMR INRA-UHP 1136 Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France.
Hypaphorine, an indole alkaloid from the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius Coker & Couch., counteracts indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) activity and controls the rate of root hair elongation in Eucalyptus globulus ssp. bicostata. The present investigation shows that hypaphorine changes cytoskeletal organisation in elongating root hairs of the host. The actin cytoskeleton was investigated by two different fixation and labelling procedures, which gave similar results. In control root hairs, actin organisation was characterised by (i) an actin cap at the very tip region, (ii) a subapical region with reduced labelling and containing fine actin filaments, and (iii) axial bundles of actin filaments running from the subapical part to the base of the root hair. In the hypaphorine-treated root hairs no actin cap was distinguished. The fine actin filaments occurring in the subapical region were replaced by a few thick actin filament bundles that extended from the subapical region toward the root hair tip. In the hypaphorine-treated hairs the total number of actin filament bundles along most of the root hair length was significantly reduced, presumably due to aggregation of pre-existing actin filaments. The first signs of alteration to the cytoskeleton could be detected as soon as 15 min after hypaphorine treatment. In hypaphorine-treated, but not in control root hairs, a patch of aggregated microtubules regularly occurred at a distance of approximately 10 microm from the tip, possibly as a consequence of changes induced by hypaphorine in the actin cytoskeleton. The hypaphorine-induced aggregations in the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons could stabilise the structure of cytoskeletal elements, which in turn could hinder the vesicle delivery at the tip necessary for elongation. Such cytoskeletal alterations may be a consequence of the antagonism between IAA and hypaphorine. The latter view was supported by restoration of the actin cytoskeleton in hypaphorine-treated root hairs by IAA application.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14504925&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2000 Jan-Feb;24(1):46-51.
A new classification of male pattern baldness and a clinical study of the anterior hairline.
Koo SH, Chung HS, Yoon ES, Park SH.
Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Male pattern baldness is the most common type of baldness occurring after the age of puberty. Various surgical techniques for hair reconstruction have been introduced. Since the Norwood classification method is too detailed and complicated to be used for various surgical operations, there is a strong need for a simpler classification. Selection of the shape and height of the frontal and temporal hairlines is important in hair restoration surgery. But due to lack of standard measures, there have been difficulties in performing surgical operations for male pattern baldness. We therefore studied the prevalence of male pattern baldness in 1731 Korean men according to age and types, based on the new classification method, between September 1995 and February 1996. At the same time, we also measured the average heights of the frontal and temporal hairlines and identified the morphology and the incidence of various types of anterior hairlines in 108 normal male adults. There are six types of male pattern baldness according to the new classification method. One peculiar type could not be classified by the Norwood classification method. The six types are designated types M, C, O, U, MO, and CO. In the morphological classification of the anterior hairline, the linear type was most common (70.37%). The heights of the frontal and temporal hairlines were 6.53 cm for the median line, 5.9 cm (left side) and 5.95 cm (right side) for the paramedian line, 8.49 cm (left and right side) for the temporal recession line, and 6.61 cm (left side) and 6.62 cm (right side) for the temporal hairline. The authors present the research outcomes as baselines that can be used for hair restoration surgery and further study of male pattern baldness.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10742469&dopt=Abstract
uke.uni-hamburg.de
This essay reviews the available evidence that the proximal hair follicle epithelium generates and maintains an area of relative immune privilege during a defined segment of the hair cycle (i.e., during anagen). This immune privilege is chiefly characterized by a very low level of expression of MHC class Ia antigens and by the local production of potent immunosuppressive agents, such as alpha-MSH and TGF-beta1. We discuss the putative functions of immune privilige of the anagen hair bulb, favoring the view that immune privilege serves mainly to sequester anagen- and/or melanogenesis-associated autoantigens from immune recognition by autoreactive CD8+ T cells. On this basis, we develop how the "immune privilege collapse model" of alopecia areata pathogenesis was conceived. In our discussion of the clinical implications of immune privilege, we outline the currently available evidence in support of this still hypothetical scenario to explain the initiation, progression, and termination of alopecia areata lesions. We review the most recent evidence from our laboratory that alpha-MSH, IGF-1, and TGF-beta1 can downregulate IFN-gamma-induced ectopic MHC class I expression in human anagen hair bulbs in vitro. Finally, we suggest that hair follicle-derived alpha-MSH, IGF-gamma, and TGF-beta1 form part of a constitutively active "IP restoration machinery" of the anagen hair bulb, which we propose to be recruited whenever the hair follicle suffers immune injury. Finally, we sketch some particularly promising avenues for future investigation into the far too long ignored hair follicle immune privilege.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14582671&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Hair growth research references ||
E-Mail Us