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References: Hair growth and hair loss

beatson.gla.ac.uk

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of laser assisted hair removal in children aged 16 and under using the long pulsed ruby laser. BACKGROUND DATA: Unwanted hair in the pediatric population can be due to congenital hairy nevi and hypertrichosis. Methods of effecting hair removal include shaving, electrolysis, and laser depilation. The long-pulsed ruby laser is an established treatment modality in adults, but its use specifically in children has not been investigated. METHODS: Patients aged 16 or under undergoing treatment with the ruby laser for unwanted hair were assessed. Hair counts were determined before and after treatment and an assessment of overall satisfaction was made using a parental questionnaire. RESULTS: Treatment was regarded as successful in 25 out of 28 cases where there was a clear reduction in hair growth at the site treated with an average fall in hair count of 63% at 6 months follow up. There was no scarring or hyperpigmentation in this group and no serious complications. Total suppression of hair growth was not permanent but usually lasted between 3 and 6 months. Few problems were encountered from using the technique specifically in children, and pain was well controlled in most cases. CONCLUSIONS: We would recommend the long-pulsed ruby laser as a useful form of hair removal in children that is quick, simple and well tolerated. At present, the technique leads to hair loss that is temporary but most patients and their parents feel the treatment gives worthwhile benefits.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11572220&dopt=Abstract

rm.unicatt.it

Myasthenia gravis (MG) induces a reduction of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) that reverses partially after administration of an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. In normal subjects a contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS) produces an amplitude reduction of TEOAEs and DPOAEs. This effect, called contralateral suppression (CS), is mediated by the efferent auditory system. Twenty subjects affected by MG underwent DPOAE recording with and without contralateral white noise in a drug-free baseline period ('basal') and 1 h ('post') after administration of a reversible AChE inhibitor. In 'basal' condition CAS did not induce significant DPOAE amplitude changes but a paradoxical slight increase was observed. After drug administration, CAS produced a significant decrease of DPOAE amplitudes for middle frequencies (f(2) between 1306 and 2600 Hz). In normal controls CAS caused a significant decrease (P<0.001) for all frequencies. The amount of CS in controls and in the MG 'post' condition was not significantly different. The increased acetylcholine (ACh) availability following drug consumption seems to partially restore outer hair cell function and enhances their electromotility; a further influx of ACh due to CAS yields to restoration of the CS. These findings also suggest that DPOAEs may be useful in the diagnosis of MG and for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11707354&dopt=Abstract

Endocrinology. 2001 Dec;142(12):5386-9.
Targeting expression of the human vitamin D receptor to the keratinocytes of vitamin D receptor null mice prevents alopecia.

Chen CH, Sakai Y, Demay MB.

Endocrine Unit, Massachussetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA. USA.

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) null mice develop hypocalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, rickets, osteomalacia and alopecia. Normalization of mineral ion homeostasis prevents all of these abnormalities except alopecia. Hair reconstitution assays, performed in athymic nude mice, demonstrate that the lack of VDR in keratinocytes leads to a defect in anagen initiation, similar to that observed in VDR null mice. Although these studies demonstrate that expression of the VDR in keratinocytes is necessary, they do not prove that it is sufficient for maintenance of the normal hair cycle. To address this hypothesis, we generated transgenic mice expressing the human VDR under the control of the keratin 14 (K14) promoter. Two highly expressing transgenic lines were mated with VDR null mice to obtain VDR null mice expressing the human VDR transgene (hVDR+/mVDR-). Expression of the transgene in the VDR null mice prevented alopecia. Furthermore, when subjected to anagen initiation, the hair follicle keratinocytes of the hVDR+/mVDR- mice demonstrated an enhanced proliferative response compared to those of control littermates. Restoration of VDR expression in the keratinocytes of VDR null mice, prevents the hair cycle defect that leads to the development of alopecia.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11713240&dopt=Abstract

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