References: Hair growth and hair loss
J Urol. 1997 Dec;158(6):2142-5.
Inlay-onlay flap urethroplasty for hypospadias and urethral stricture repair.
Kocvara R, Dvoracek J.
Department of Urology, General University Hospital and 1st Medical School of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
PURPOSE: The absence of a segment of the urethral plate renders the onlay urethroplasty procedure impossible. The plate may be too short (in hypospadias), or scarred after previous repair or due to a dense urethral stricture. A modified approach with restoration of urethral plate continuity is proposed instead of the tubularized island flap associated with higher complication rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 12 of 20 patients with a partially deficient urethral plate the inlay-onlay preputial island flap was used. The wider part of the flap is inlaid in place of the missing plate and anastomosed to the residual plate. Formation of the urethra is then completed with standard onlay overlapping of the flap. In another 8 patients the combined (partially tubularized in advance) tube-onlay flap was used. RESULTS: The inlay-onlay flap technique was used in 3 new hypospadias patients, in 4 with a scarred, hair-bearing plate after previous operations and in 5 with virtually no urethral plate because of a dense urethral stricture. No urethral complications were encountered. Of the 8 patients undergoing the combined tube-onlay repair 3 had complications, including meatal stenosis (2) and partial dehiscence (1). CONCLUSIONS: Inlay-onlay flap urethroplasty allows correction of complex cases of hypospadias or urethral stricture with a partially deficient urethral plate in 1 stage with a low complication rate.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9366331&dopt=Abstract
Membr Cell Biol. 1997;11(3):367-80.
Changes in the electrical properties of the skin outermost layer during pulse electrotreatment.
Indenbom AV, Kuzmin PI, Chizmadzhev YuA.
Frumkin Institute of Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
The kinetics of changes in the electric current I(t) passing through human skin samples of full thickness in vitro during rectangular voltage pulses (amplitude, 10-60 V; duration, 5-8 ms) was investigated. The function I(t) was shown to rapidly decrease, to pass through its minimum, and then to increase slowly. With the increase in voltage, the minimal current grew; the dropping branch became less pronounced (up to its complete disappearance at 40 V); and the position of the minimum shifted to short times. All these features of the current response were explained in the assumption that the electrical properties of the skin at a voltage less than 30 V are determined by macropores of skin appendages (hair follicles, sweat glands, etc.). The dropping branch of the current was a superposition of the charging current of the macropore wall capacity and the conductive current through the electroporated walls. At voltages over 30 V, increases in current and conductivity are determined by electroporation of the lipid-corneocyte matrix of the skin outermost layer (stratum corneum). The kinetics of skin resistance restoration after pulse electrotreatment was also investigated. The characteristic time of restoration, which did not exceed 1 min at 10 V, increased up to dozens of minutes at voltages above 30 V. The investigated phenomena were found to be very much similar to the electroporation of plane lipid bilayers and plasma membranes of isolated cells.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9460055&dopt=Abstract
Brain Res. 1998 Feb 16;784(1-2):82-90.
Role of glutathione in protection against noise-induced hearing loss.
Yamasoba T, Nuttall AL, Harris C, Raphael Y, Miller JM.
Kresge Hearing Research Institute, The University of Michigan, 1301 East Ann Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0506, USA.
A potential mechanism of hearing loss due to acoustic overstimulation is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS not removed by antioxidant defenses could be expected to cause significant damage to the sensory cells of the cochlea. We studied the influence of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) on noise-induced hearing loss by using l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, and 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC), a cysteine prodrug, which promotes rapid restoration of GSH when GSH is acutely depleted. Pigmented female guinea pigs were exposed to broadband noise (102 dB SPL, 3 h/day, 5 days) while receiving daily injections of BSO, OTC, or saline. By weeks 2 and 3 after noise exposure, BSO-treated animals showed significantly greater threshold shifts above 12 kHz than saline-treated subjects, whereas OTC-treated animals showed significantly smaller threshold shifts at 12 kHz than controls. Histologically assessed noise-induced damage to the organ of Corti, predominantly basal turn row 1 outer hair cells, was most pronounced in BSO-treated animals. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis showed that OTC significantly increased cysteine levels, but not GSH levels, in the cochlea. These findings show that GSH inhibition increases the susceptibility of the cochlea to noise-induced damage and that replenishing GSH, presumably by enhancing availability of cysteine, attenuates noise-induced cochlear damage. Copyright 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9518561&dopt=Abstract
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