References: Hair growth and hair loss
J Comp Neurol. 1997 Feb 3;378(1):1-15.
Temporary sensory deprivation changes calcium-binding proteins levels in the auditory brainstem.
Caicedo A, d'Aldin C, Eybalin M, Puel JL.
INSERM U. 254, Neurobiologie de l'Audition-Plasticite Synaptique, CHU Hopital St. Charles, Montpellier, France.
Auditory brainstem neurons probably depend on afferent input to maintain calcium homeostasis within a narrow range. These neurons are endowed with high concentrations of the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calretinin, and calbindin D28k that are presumed to buffer cytosolic calcium transients. To determine the effects of functional deafferentation on these proteins in the auditory brainstem of adult guinea pigs, we have manipulated the sensory input with an intracochlear perfusion of the glutamate agonist alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA), which is known to transiently disconnect inner hair cells and primary auditory dendrites. Semiquantitative measures of immunostaining intensities showed rapid and reversible changes in calcium-binding protein levels. By 24 hours after AMPA treatment, calretinin immunostaining was reduced in deafferented neurons of the cochlear nuclei and their axons in the superior olivary nuclei. In contrast, calbindin D28k immunoreactivity levels by this time were higher in deafferented neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body and their axons in the lateral superior olivary nucleus (LSO). Parvalbumin immunostaining was also generally increased in deafferented neurons, but changes were less evident and more complex. The changes in all three immunoreactivities disappeared with the progressive restoration of afferent input. Normal levels were reestablished by 5 days after AMPA treatment, when afferent activity had almost completely recovered. These results show that calcium-binding protein immunostaining in auditory neurons is functionally responsive to afferent activity. The increased buffering capacity in deafferented neurons as shown by the rises in parvalbumin and calbindin D28k immunostaining may be part of mechanisms promoting neuronal survival after loss of sensory input. This input, on the other hand, may be necessary for maintaining the high calretinin levels normally present in cochlear nucleus neurons.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9120049&dopt=Abstract
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1997 May;168:55-8.
Eradication of communicative disorders: preventive medicine in the 21st century.
Ruben RJ.
Department of Otolaryngology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10467, USA.
Profound changes in our society occurring over the past few decades have resulted in a major shift in societal emphasis from labor to communication. The widespread use of personal computers has enhanced the importance of information-communication in daily life. People with communication disorders are at substantial risk of underemployment and lowered quality of life. Advances in medical science and hearing health care have placed us on the thresholds of being able to correct, rather than remediate, certain types of hearing loss. The finding that auditory hair cells of submammalian species regenerate has stimulated greatly the field of auditory research. A new lexicon is required to describe this emerging field. Methods exist to protect against hearing loss, repair affected structures prior to their degeneration, promote dedifferentiation-redifferentiation of undamaged structures into sensory cells, and, finally, promote regeneration of new sensory cells from precursor cells. Each of these processes has unique requirements, and all may be required to promote the restoration of hearing following damage or disease.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9153118&dopt=Abstract
Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol. 1997 Mar-Apr;(2):142-8.
[Patterns in the restoration of skin derivatives in warm-blooded animals]
[Article in Russian]
Efimov EA.
It is known that the skin derivatives in homeothermic animals appear in the early prenatal period of development and do not form during postnatal development. However, during skin regeneration, a process of secondary development, it was shown experimentally on eight homeothermic animals, in which full-layered fragments of skin were removed from different morphofunctional regions of skin, that in the skin regenerates its derivatives are formed: hair, sebaceous and sweat glands, and skin folds. The data obtained suggest that formation of the hair and sebaceous glands requires the presence of special dermal fibroblasts in the young connective tissue of regenerants, which are capable of induction of the potencies of regenerating epidermis for organogenesis.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9190217&dopt=Abstract
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