References: Hair growth and hair loss
Dermatol Surg. 2001 Jul;27(7):622-6.
Comparison of long-pulsed diode and long-pulsed alexandrite lasers for hair removal: a long-term clinical and histologic study.
Handrick C, Alster TS.
Washington Institute of Dermatologic Laser Surgery and Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
BACKGROUND: Unwanted facial and body hair is a common problem, generating a high level of interest for treatment innovations. Advances in laser technology over the past several years has led to the development and distribution of numerous red and infrared lasers and light sources to address this issue. Despite the impressive clinical results that have been reported with the use of individual laser hair removal systems, long-term comparative studies have been scarce. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and histologic efficacy, side effect profile, and long-term hair reduction of long-pulsed diode and long-pulsed alexandrite laser systems. METHODS: Twenty women with Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV and dark terminal hair underwent three monthly laser-assisted hair removal sessions with a long-pulsed alexandrite laser (755 nm, 2-msec pulse, 10 mm spot) and a long-pulsed diode laser (800 nm, 12.5 msec or 25 msec, 9 mm spot). Axillary areas were randomly assigned to receive treatment using each laser system at either 25 J/cm2 or 40 J/cm2. Follow-up manual hair counts and photographs of each area were obtained at each of the three treatment visits and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the final laser session. Histologic specimens were obtained at baseline, immediately after the initial laser treatment, and 1 and 6 months after the third treatment session. RESULTS: After each laser treatment, hair counts were successively reduced and few patients found it necessary to shave the sparsely regrown hair. Optimal clinical response was achieved 1 month after the second laser treatment, regardless of the laser system or fluence used. Six months after the third and final treatment, prolonged clinical hair reduction was observed with no significant differences between the laser systems and fluences used. Histologic tissue changes supported the clinical responses observed with evidence of initial follicular injury followed by slow follicular regeneration. Side effects, including treatment pain and vesiculation, were rare after treatment with either laser system, but were observed more frequently with the long-pulsed diode system at the higher fluence of 40 J/cm2. CONCLUSION: Equivalent clinical and histologic responses were observed using a long-pulsed alexandrite and a long-pulsed diode laser for hair removal with minimal adverse sequelae. While long-term hair reduction can be obtained in most patients after a series of laser treatments, partial hair regrowth is typical within 6 months, suggesting the need for additional treatments to improve the rate of permanent hair removal.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11442611&dopt=Abstract
kyowa.co.jp
Adult C3H mice which had either anagen IV or anagen VI hair follicles were given the anti-tumor drug cyclophosphamide, and cyclosporin A or minoxidil were topically applied to the mice daily from the 4th day after cyclophosphamide administration. In the mice that had anagen IV-hair follicles, 0.5% cyclosporin A induced very thick and long hairs after 21 days of cyclophosphamide administration, while vehicle and 1% minoxidil induced sparsely visible, short hairs. In the mice which received cyclosporin A, the injured hair follicles seemed to remodel themselves into intact anagen hair follicles and restart the production of hairs, instead of shifting to telogen. In the mice that had anagen VI-hair follicles at the time of cyclophosphamide administration, complete alopecia occurred within the first 7 days in all groups. After 14 days of cyclophosphamide administration, hair regrowth was observed in both the 0.5% cyclosporin A-group and the 1% minoxidil- group with the predominant effect over the vehicle. This study shows that anagen hair follicles respond to cyclophosphamide in different ways depending on their stages (IV and VI), and that the damaged anagen IV hair follicles have the potential of remodeling themselves, which is promoted by topical cyclosporin A administration.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11457638&dopt=Abstract
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jul 31;98(16):9139-44.
Conditional epidermal expression of TGFbeta 1 blocks neonatal lethality but causes a reversible hyperplasia and alopecia.
Liu X, Alexander V, Vijayachandra K, Bhogte E, Diamond I, Glick A.
Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
To study the role of transforming growth factor type beta1 (TGFbeta1) in epidermal growth control and disease, we have generated a conditional expression system by using the bovine keratin 5 promoter to drive expression of the tetracycline-regulated transactivators tTA and rTA, and a constitutively active mutant of TGFbeta1 linked to the tetO target sequence for the transactivator. This model allows for induction or suppression of exogenous TGFbeta1 with oral doxycycline. Maximal expression of TGFbeta1 during gestation caused embryonic lethality, whereas partial suppression allowed full-term development with neonatal lethality characterized by runting, epidermal hypoproliferation, and blocked hair follicle growth. With complete suppression, phenotypically normal double transgenic (DT) mice were born. Acute induction of TGFbeta1 in the epidermis of adult mice inhibited basal and follicular keratinocyte proliferation and reentry of telogen hair follicles into anagen. However, chronic expression of TGFbeta1 in adult DTs caused severe alopecia characterized by epidermal and follicular hyperproliferation, apoptosis, as well as dermal fibrosis and inflammation. Readministration of doxycycline to tTA DT mice caused hair regrowth within 14 days. The mRNA and protein for Smad7, an inhibitor of TGFbeta signaling, were up-regulated in the epidermis and hair follicles of alopecic skin and rapidly induced in rTA mice in parallel with the TGFbeta1 transgene, suggesting that the hyperproliferative phenotype may result in part from development of a sustained negative feedback loop. Thus, this conditional expression system provides an important model for understanding the role of TGFbeta1 during development, in normal skin biology, and in disease.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11481479&dopt=Abstract
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