References: Hair growth and hair loss
J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2003 Jun;23(6):299-305.
Cellular origin of IFN-gamma essential for hair cycle in normal skin.
Yoneda Y, Hirota R, Tashiro J, Okada M, Sakurai K, Lee K, Ueda K, Kubota T, Yoshida R.
Department of Physiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
Hair growth abnormalities in mice usually are accompanied by histologic abnormalities as well. Recently, however, we reported a mouse model in which an arrest of the hair cycle and diffuse shedding of the hair without pathologic features induced alopecia in interferon-gamma(-/-) (IFN-gamma(-/-)) C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Here, we explored the cellular origin of IFN-gamma. When bone marrow from IFN-gamma(-/-) B6 mice was transplanted into lethally irradiated IFN-gamma(+/+) B6 mice, the level of IFN-gamma mRNA expression in the skin or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of recipient mouse was markedly reduced, suggesting that IFN-gamma is normally produced by bone marrow-derived cells. Although severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice lack mature T cells and B cells, IFN-gamma-dependent hair regrowth was induced in SCID mice by depilation, which caused alopecia in IFN-gamma(-/-) B6 mice. Consistently, IFN-gamma mRNA expression in the skin or PBMC from SCID mice was comparable to that from their genetic counterpart (BALB/c mice), suggesting IFN-gamma production by non-T cells. RT-PCR analyses after separation of PBMC from SCID mice into eight fractions by a cell sorter revealed that Mac-1(+) cells were the major origin of IFN-gamma.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12859856&dopt=Abstract
med.uni-duesseldorf.de
Androgenetic alopecia is the most common type of hair loss in men and women. The disorder represents a quantitative phenotype with an underlying genetic disposition. So far none of the causative genes have been identified. Under the influence of androgens there is a shortening of the anagen phase as well as a reduction of the cellular hair matrix volume in the involved scalp area. This results in the transformation of thick terminal hair follicles into thin vellus-like hair follicles. Clinically, patients present with an alopecia that follows a defined pattern (pattern baldness) and progresses continuously but in varying degrees. In advanced cases, men may develop baldness with remaining hair exclusively in the temporal and occipital regions. Women are prone to exhibit a more diffuse type of hair loss with pronounced thinning in the parietal region. Whereas the diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia is easy, its treatment is often difficult. The physician is commonly confronted with high patients' expectations regarding hair regrowth. Today, with minoxidil and finasteride, effective therapies are available which can lead to cessation of hair loss. The identification of underlying genes will make a more specific therapy easier to achieve.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12942184&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
usz.ch
Recently rational drug therapy and potent technologies have been introduced for the treatment of the most frequent hair problems, i.e. finasteride in the treatment of male pattern hair loss, and laser-assisted hair removal systems for hypertrichosis and hirsutism. Together with the availability of such treatments, high technical standards for evaluating their efficacy have been developed, e.g. computer-assisted epiluminiscence microscopy. Besides these physical aspects, life quality has also become an important issue in clinical studies, and is assessed by standardized patient questionnaires. In the treatment of hair loss, women have become reluctant about taking systemic hormones since the results of large epidemiological studies on the risks of hormonal replacement therapy have become public. Topical 17alpha-estradiol offers an alternative, though its efficacy has not been proven. The results of double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies demonstrating efficacy are yet only available for topical minoxidil. In the treatment of alopecia areata, there is no treatment that guarantees regrowth and stable growth of recovered hair. Only topical immunotherapy produces a higher remission rate that the natural evolution of disease. Scarring alopecias are not frequent but they need a careful evaluation, including scalp biopsy, for a precise diagnosis, because of irreversibility and potentially grave cosmetic consequences. The introduction of the modern broad spectrum antimycotic agents has greatly improved the management of infectious scarring alopecias. Finally, developments in hair care and anti-aging medicine are discussed, with special referral to the evolving difficulty of delineating medical science from marketing strategies in this trendy field.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12942187&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
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