References: Hair growth and hair loss
Acta Derm Venereol. 1996 Jan;76(1):17-20.
Growth factor mRNA levels in alopecia areata before and after treatment with the contact allergen diphenylcyclopropenone.
Hoffmann R, Wenzel E, Huth A, van der Steen P, Schaufele M, Konig A, Happle R.
Department of Dermatology, Philipp University, Marburg, Germany.
The early immune response in alopecia areata is characterized by a Th1 T helper cell cytokine pattern and an aberrant expression of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR molecules on lesional hair bulbs. A counteracting cytokine pattern induced by a therapeutic contact dermatitis is supposed to mediate the hair regrowth. In addition to cytokines, growth factors have been shown to influence immune responses, and we therefore investigated the expression levels for a panel of growth factors in untreated versus alopecia areata after treatment with the contact sensitizer diphenylcyclopropenone. Using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction we detected a striking overexpression of transforming growth factor beta 1 mRNA in successfully treated patients. This cytokine has been shown to be a potent immune response modifier, which can suppress Th1 immune responses. The way in which topical immunotherapy induces hair regrowth in alopecia areata is unknown, but a lesional increased expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 may be a possible mechanism.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8721483&dopt=Abstract
ukrv.de
Using a murine model that mimics chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) in humans particularly well, we show here that in contrast to previously reported CIA-protective effects in neonatal rats, topical calcitriol does not prevent CIA in adolescent mice but enhances the regrowth of normally pigmented hair shafts. When, prior to injecting 1 X 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide i.p., 0.2 microg calcitriol or vehicle alone were administered topically to the back skin of C57BL/6 mice with all hair follicles in anagen, no significant macroscopic differences in the onset and severity of CIA were seen. However, hair shaft regrowth after CIA, which is often retarded and patchy, thus displaying severe and sometimes persistent pigmentation disorders, was significantly accelerated, enhanced, and qualitatively improved in test compared with control mice. Histomorphometric analysis suggests that this is related to the fact that calcitriol-pretreated follicles favor the "dystrophic catagen pathway" of response to chemical injury, ie., a follicular repair strategy allowing for the unusually fast reconstruction of a new, undamaged anagen hair bulb. Thus, it may be unrealistic to expect that topical calcitriol can prevent human CIA, but topical calcitriols may well enhance the regrowth of a normal hair coat.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8813138&dopt=Abstract
Int J Dermatol. 1996 Jan;35(1):52-6.
Treatment of alopecia areata with squaric acid dibutylester.
Micali G, Cicero RL, Nasca MR, Sapuppo A.
Dermatology Clinic, University of Catania, Italy.
BACKGROUND: Among contact allergens that are frequently used in the treatment of alopecia areata (AA), squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) stands out for its good tolerability and its mild side effects. METHODS: One hundred and forty-four patients with AA of varying degrees were treated with SADBE. Of these, 71 had AA affecting less than 50% of the scalp, and 73 had a severe form, including 13 patients with alopecia totalis (AT) and two with alopecia universalis (AU). The patients were treated using both traditional and nontraditional methods. RESULTS: In the less severe form, we obtained a 80% rate of regrowth, compared to the 49% of the more severe form including 13 cases of AT and the two of AU. The failure rate was higher for patients with the more severe form (29%) compared to a 7% rate only for patients with mild AA. We also observed four cases of initial regrowth on the side of the scalp opposite to the site of application ('castling phenomenon'). Among those patients who were treated with application of SADBE on the right side of the back, three displayed regrowth on the left side of the scalp, (i.e., on the opposite side) and in an area distant from the site of application; for two patients the regrowth began on the right side of the scalp and one of them also displayed growth of fine hairs in the right dorsal region, the site of application of the compound. CONCLUSIONS: Our data further support the hypothesis of a systemic action of SADBE; however, further confirmation on a larger sample of cases is needed.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8838932&dopt=Abstract
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