References: Hair growth and hair loss
Bone Marrow Transplant. 1993 Oct;12(4):347-50.
Factors affecting hair regrowth after bone marrow transplantation.
Vowels M, Chan LL, Giri N, Russell S, Lam-Po-Tang R.
Department of Haematology/Oncology, Prince of Wales Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia.
Permanent alopecia after BMT has been reported as a side-effect associated with GVHD or after busulphan conditioning therapy, primarily in adults. We have reviewed children undergoing BMT to document the frequency of incomplete hair regrowth and to evaluate factors associated with this problem. Hair regrowth was studied in 74 children who survived > 6 months following BMT undertaken for malignant and non-malignant diseases. Alopecia was categorised as severe (< 50% of pre-transplant status), moderate (50-75%) or mild (> 75% but less than normal). Overall, 18 (24.3%) of 74 patients had mild (n = 5), moderate (n = 4) or severe (n = 9) alopecia. Risk factors for alopecia were presence of chronic GVHD (67%; p < 0.001), older age (p < 0.001) and prior cranial irradiation (42%; p = 0.03). Alopecia occurred in children receiving either busulphan (31%) or total body irradiation (16%; p = 0.15) as conditioning therapy. The highest frequency was seen in patients conditioned with busulphan with or without melphalan and who received prior cranial irradiation and/or developed chronic GVHD (75%). These data indicate that alopecia after BMT in children is a significant problem and confirm, in children, the previously noted association between alopecia and chronic GVHD and busulphan. Further risk factors of older age and prior cranial irradiation are identified. Consideration needs to be given to the use of an alternative to busulphan in children who are of older age, have received prior cranial irradiation and/or are at increased risk of GVHD.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8275033&dopt=Abstract
J Invest Dermatol. 1993 Jul;101(1 Suppl):135S-137S.
Prostaglandins protect against murine hair injury produced by ionizing radiation or doxorubicin.
Malkinson FD, Geng L, Hanson WR.
Department of Dermatology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612-3833.
Several years ago we showed that prostaglandins (PGs) are potent radioprotective agents. To investigate further the potential use of these compounds we employed quantitative measures of murine hair loss and regrowth to assess the effects of PG administration before multi-dose fractionated radiation exposures. We compared these results with findings utilizing the thiol compounds WR-2721 or WR-1065, the "gold standard" laboratory radioprotectors. Three weeks after systemic administration of 16-16 dm PGE2 (Upjohn Company) or WR-2721, given 1 h before each dose of 2-4.5 Gy per fraction for 10-15 fractions, regrowing hair counts increased up to 100% compared to irradiated-only skin sites. The thiol compound effects were slightly superior to the PG effects in these studies. Local applications of 16-16 dm PGE2 or WR-1065 given 15 min before each radiation fraction also enhanced post-radiation hair regrowth, although systemic administration of either agent was more effective than the topical route. We also evaluated possible protective effects of PGs given before doxorubicin, measuring murine hair loss 1 week after parenteral injections of the drug. Five daily doses of doxorubicin, 0.1 mg/25 g animal, reduced the number of hairs in a 4.42 mm2 area of skin from 241 +/- 5 (controls) to 144 +/- 3. Misoprostol (G.D. Searle & Co.), 25 micrograms/mouse, applied locally 2 h before each dose of doxorubicin, resulted in 213 +/- 8 residual hairs. We conclude that clinical use of these compounds may provide significant protection of hair follicles and possibly other normal tissues (skin; oral, rectal, and bladder mucosa) lying within a radiation field or in patients treated with chemotherapeutic agents. Further assessment of possible tumor protection effects are needed, however.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8326147&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Dermatol. 2000 Aug;10(6):443-50.
Normalisation of hair follicle morphology in C3H/HeJ alopecia areata mice after treatment with squaric acid dibutylester.
Gardner S, Freyschmidt-Paul P, Hoffmann R, Sundberg JP, Happle R, Lindsey NJ, Tobin DJ.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, England.
Alopecia areata is a non-scarring, reversible disorder, presumably caused by an autoimmune attack on anagen hair follicles. Treatments are numerous, and most of these are ineffective. However, the elicitation of contact dermatitis on the affected skin is commonly associated with hair regrowth. A major advance in the study of alopecia areata has been the introduction and characterisation of the C3H/HeJ mouse model that exhibits many features of the human disease. In this study we examined the effects of squaric acid dibutylester treatment on hair follicles and the associated leukocyte infiltrate in alopecia areata mice by light and transmission electron microscopic analysis. This was compared with unaffected normal mice and alopecic untreated mice. Experimental mice were treated unilaterally with the contact allergen squaric acid dibutylester and the skin was assessed after hair regrowth. The characteristic pathological picture of alopecia areata was observed in alopecic but not normal mice. Nine of eleven experimental mice regrew hair on the treated side only and this was associated with a reduction in peri/intrafollicular inflammatory cell infiltrates, hair follicle dystrophy, melanin incontinence/clumping, and an increase in the numbers of hair follicles in full anagen. This normalisation of hair follicle status after treatment reflects the successful reversal of disease in these mice. The mechanism of action of topical immunotherapy with a potent contact allergen such as squaric acid dibutylester still needs to be elucidated, but an altered immune milieu is suspected. This study further validates the C3H/HeJ mouse model of alopecia areata in the search for therapeutic interventions in this common hair follicle disorder.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10980465&dopt=Abstract
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