References: Hair growth and hair loss
J Neurocytol. 1995 Sep;24(9):633-53.
The kinocilium of auditory hair cells and evidence for its morphogenetic role during the regeneration of stereocilia and cuticular plates.
Sobkowicz HM, Slapnick SM, August BK.
Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
Auditory hair cells that survive mechanical injury in culture begin their recovery by reforming the kinocilium. This study is based on cultures of the organ of Corti of newborn mice and two control animals. The axonemal patterns were examined in 165 kinocilia in cross-section. In the immature and regenerating kinocilium, one of the normally peripheral doublets is frequently located inward, forming the modified 8 + 1 (double) form; the distribution of the remaining microtubules is irregular. As the cell matures, the 9 + 0 form predominates. Overall, 34-61% of auditory kinocilia consist of 9 + 0 microtubules. The 9 + 2 (single) form, previously thought to characterize the organelle, occurs only in about 3-14%, whereas the remaining population comprises the modified 8 + 1 (double) form. Normally, the kinocilium lasts only about 10 postnatal days; however, post-traumatic hair cells reform their kinocilia regardless of age. Concomitant with the regrowth of the kinocilium, the basal body and its cilium take a central location in the cuticular plate, stereocilia regrow, and the cytoplasmic area adjacent to the basal body displays pericentriolar fibrous densities, growth vesicles, and microtubules, all surrounded by actin filaments. Pericentriolar bodies nucleate microtubules. Involvement of microtubules is seen in the alignment of actin filaments and in the formation of the filamentous matrix of the cuticular plate. We propose that reformation of the kinocilium in recovering post-traumatic hair cells indicates the possible role of its basal body in the morphogenesis and differentiation of cuticular plates and stereocilia.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7500120&dopt=Abstract
J Cutan Pathol. 1994 Jun;21(3):229-32.
CD44 expression in alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia.
Sawaya ME, Bakshandeh H, Hordinsky MK, Penneys NS.
Department of Medicine/Division of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610-0277.
CD44 is a widely distributed cell surface protein thought to be involved in multiple steps of normal immune cell function, including T-cell activation, and in cellular adhesion where it mediates cell attachment to hyaluronate. In normal skin, CD44 is found by immunohistochemical means to be primarily in eccrine coil cells. In this study, we have looked at the expression of CD44 in normal scalp and in two different hair disorders, androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata. In normal scalp and androgenetic alopecia, CD44 was found in its normal distribution in eccrine coil cells. In scalp of 30 patients with alopecia areata, there was no expression of this glycoprotein. Patients were also assessed pre and post treatment for their alopecia areata, and even though they had no significant hair regrowth, 2 patients regained expression of CD44, indicating a variable expression of this protein in the alopecia areata disease process. The absence of CD44 expression in alopecia areata-affected scalp may give further information regarding the pathogenesis of this disease.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7525670&dopt=Abstract
Carcinogenesis. 1994 Dec;15(12):2739-45.
Effects of complete and incomplete tumor promoters on hair growth, angiogenesis, and tenascin expression in the skin of NMRI mice.
Ushmorov AG, Furstenberger G, Faissner A, Marks F.
FSP Tumor Cell Regulation, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg.
Although the phorbol esters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and 12-O-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate (RPA) are almost equipotent inducers of an inflammatory and hyperplastic response in NMRI mouse skin, TPA acts as a converting or complete and RPA as a non-converting or incomplete skin tumor promoter. Bearing in mind the converting effect of skin wounding and TGF beta, we have addressed the question of a relationship between conversion and stromal events. For this purpose we have compared the effects of TPA and RPA on dermal angiogenesis, hair regrowth and the expression of tenascin in NMRI mouse skin in vivo. In the reticular part of the dermis, shaving alone induced angiogenesis peaking at day 14, concomitant with hair regrowth. While TPA exhibited a stimulatory effect on both parameters, RPA suppressed shaving-induced angiogenesis and delayed the onset of hair regrowth. Whether this difference in the phorbol ester effects being consistent with the working hypothesis is critical for conversion, remains to be shown. In the papillary dermis, however, RPA was more potent than TPA in inducing vascularization and tenascin expression. The kinetics of both responses corresponded to the time course of hyperproliferation induced by the phorbol esters in the overlaying epidermis, i.e. may be related to promotion proper, rather than conversion.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7528111&dopt=Abstract
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