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References: Hair growth and hair loss








J Dermatol Sci. 1990 May;1(3):183-94.
The effects of topical diazoxide on hair follicular growth and physiology of the stumptailed macaque.

Uno H, Kemnitz JW, Cappas A, Adachi K, Sakuma A, Kamoda H.

Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53715-1299.

Diazoxide, an anti-hypertensive agent, has diverse pharmacologic effects; hypertrichosis, hyperglycemia associated with suppression of insulin release, and elevation of serum levels of androgens. Taking advantage of the hypertrichotic side effects of diazoxide, we examined the effect of topical application of the drug on hair regrowth in the bald frontal scalp of stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides); we also monitored systemic side effects. Using 7 adult stumptails, we applied diazoxide (5% solution in a vehicle) topically on the bald frontal scalp, once a day, 5 days per week. Two of seven macaques had vehicle alone applied. Hair growth was monitored by photographic recording (once every month) and by sequential analysis of folliculograms from biopsied skin (once every 4 months). We also examined body weight, hematology, blood pressure, heart rate, serum levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, and glucose tolerance for a 4-month period. All 5 diazoxide-treated animals showed thickening and maintenance of the frontal hair during the entire treatment period (16 months). Analysis of folliculograms showed progressive enlargement of hair follicular size and acceleration of its cyclic growth from telogen to anagen phase and prolongation of anagen phase in all treated animals. Controls showed no consistent progressive changes of follicular growth. None of the animals treated with diazoxide showed abnormal changes in physical growth, cardiovascular function, serum levels of androgens, glucose tolerance (including insulin levels), or hematology.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2085505&dopt=Abstract




Dermatologica. 1990;180(1):5-7.
Erythema multiforme-like eruptions: a rare side effect of topical immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone.

Perret CM, Steijlen PM, Zaun H, Happle R.

Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

We report 3 cases of erythema multiforme following topical application of diphenylcyclopropenone (DCP) for the treatment of alopecia areata. This eruption represents a rare side effect which could be controlled with corticosteroids given both systemically and topically. When this unusual reaction occurred, treatment with DCP was stopped. In one of the patients, subsequent topical immunotherapy with squaric acid dibutylester was not complicated by this side effect and resulted in complete hair regrowth.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2137800&dopt=Abstract




J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990 Feb;22(2 Pt 1):242-50.
Oral cyclosporine for the treatment of alopecia areata. A clinical and immunohistochemical analysis.

Gupta AK, Ellis CN, Cooper KD, Nickoloff BJ, Ho VC, Chan LS, Hamilton TA, Tellner DC, Griffiths CE, Voorhees JJ.

Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0314.

Cyclosporine inhibits the activation of helper T cells that may be pathogenic in alopecia areata. Therefore we treated six patients with alopecia areata (five men, one woman) with oral cyclosporine, 6 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks. Three patients had alopecia universalis, one had alopecia totalis, and two had patchy alopecia areata of the scalp. Hair regrowth in the scalp of all patients occurred within the second and fourth weeks of therapy, followed by hair regrowth of the face and chest (in the male patients), pubic area, extremities, and axillae. Overall, the site of best response was the scalp. Cosmetically acceptable terminal hair regrowth on the scalp occurred in three of six patients. Significant hair loss, however, occurred in all patients within 3 months of discontinuation of cyclosporine treatment. Clinical response correlated with changes in immune cell infiltration of the hair follicles. The number of leukocytes per hair follicle was quantified in transverse scalp biopsy sections stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The degree of terminal hair regrowth correlated significantly with decreases in follicular epithelial human lymphocyte antigen-DR and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression, T cells, helper/inducer (CD4) T cells, suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8) T cells and Langerhans cells (CD1+DR+) from the hair follicles during cyclosporine therapy. A significant decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio occurred early in the course of treatment and was maintained throughout the therapy. This decrease suggests that cyclosporine not only cleared immune cells from the hair follicles but also altered the balance of regulatory lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2138175&dopt=Abstract





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