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References: Hair growth and hair loss

J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 1992 Apr-Jun;12(2):63-75.
Altered retinoid distribution in the repeated epilation (Er) mutant mouse.

Jones AH, Lehman P, Dale BA.

Department of Oral Biology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.

The repeated epilation (Er) mutation in mice causes successive loss and regrowth of hair in heterozygotes (Er/+), and blocks orofacial development and epidermal differentiation in lethal homozygotes (Er/Er). Because the mutation affects a systemic factor, because the Er phenotypes resemble exposure to excess retinoids and because retinoids are critical regulators of epithelial differentiation, we examined whether systemic retinoid levels are altered by the Er defect. Liver retinoic acid and retinol were elevated 1.5- and 3.5-fold, respectively, in adult heterozygotes (Er/+) compared to normal (+/+) animals. Retinyl palmitate was increased 2-fold in heterozygous skin and 3-fold in kidney, but the retinol level in plasma was only half that of normal animals. Newborn heterozygous liver also had nearly 2-fold increased retinoids compared to normal. In contrast, Er/Er newborns had reduced retinoid levels in liver, two-thirds the retinol and 15% the retinyl palmitate compared to normal, but greater than 4-fold elevated levels of retinyl palmitate in the extrahepatic body. Tissue contents of retinol binding protein (RBP), which transports vitamin A from the liver to the remainder of the body, were determined by immunoblotting with anti-mouse RBP. Newborn normal and mutant animals had similar liver microsomal RBP contents. RBP contents in plasma and in liver microsomes were also similar in normal and Er/+ adults despite different retinol contents in the Er/+ tissues. Hair follicles of the Er/+, but not the normal adult, were stained with this antiserum to RPB in the outer root sheath layer. These results strongly suggest that altered retinoid distribution is associated with, and may be responsible for, the altered epithelial differentiation in the Er mutant.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1613075&dopt=Abstract

J Formos Med Assoc. 1991 Feb;90(2):176-80.
Trichotillomania: a clinical study of 36 patients.

Chang CH, Lee MB, Chiang YC, Lu YC.

Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei, R.O.C.

To understand the clinical characteristics of trichotillomania, 36 patients were investigated at the psychocutaneous special clinic from February 1982 to October 1990. There were 16 males and 20 females. The most prominent age was found in a group of 23 (63.9%) elementary school children, and in regards to the age of disease onset, 35 (97.2%) of our patients were under the age of 18. A 30-year-old woman with schizophrenia and a 6-year-old boy with mental retardation were noted in our study; the remaining 34 patients were generally well without signs of mental illness except for the recurrent failure to resist impulses to pull out their own hair. The common life events precipitating stress were academic problems and parent-child conflicts. The duration of follow-up was for at least 6 months. The habit of hair plucking was easily corrected if the duration of the disease was less than 6 months. Usually these patients had a satisfactory regrowth of hair within 1-3 months after our explanation and reassurance. In contrast, the patients with a hair loss of more than half a year were not easy to approach, and needed psychiatric treatment.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1678413&dopt=Abstract

EMBO J. 1990 May;9(5):1485-93.
Cyclic hair-loss and regrowth in transgenic mice overexpressing an intermediate filament gene.

Powell BC, Rogers GE.

Adelaide University Centre for Gene Technology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia.

We have produced transgenic mice containing up to 250 copies of a sheep wool intermediate filament keratin gene to study the effect of its expression on hair structure and development. Several transgenic lines expressed the gene and in the one containing 250 transgenes, a pattern of hair-loss and regrowth was stably established. Successive waves of hair growth follow periods of denuding like the natural progression of hairs in the mouse hair cycle. By in situ hybridization we have shown that the sheep transgenes are expressed at the correct stage in mouse hair development and at a high level. The transgenic hairs contain not only an elevated level of intermediate filament keratin protein but also a decreased level of the filament-associated proteins. This imbalance disrupts the normal ordered array of these proteins in the cells of the hair cortex and leads to weakened fibres which are prematurely lost.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1691707&dopt=Abstract

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