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References: Hair growth and hair loss







Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1987;114(4):507-10.
[Treatment of severe alopecia areata with topical applications of cyclosporin A]

[Article in French]

Mauduit G, Lenvers P, Barthelemy H, Thivolet J.

Cyclosporin A (CyA) is a fungal peptide used as immunosuppressor in human organ transplantation. Increased hair growth appears to be a common side-effect of treatment, occurring in almost all patients treated with oral CyA. The development of hypertrichosis during CyA administration is not hormone-dependent; it may be mediated by a direct effect of the drug on the hair growth process. We used CyA topically (5 p. 100 oily solution) in 14 patients with severe alopecia areata (totalis 5, ophiasis 3, bald plaques 6). The drug was applied on the alopecia twice a day for 5 +/- 1.5 months. Patients were examined monthly. No clinical adverse effect was observed. Routine blood examination did not show any change, except for a transient increase of hepatic enzymes in one patient. CyA determinations were performed monthly by radioimmunoassay. No CyA was detected in the patients' serum. Treatment resulted in no regrowth in 8 patients, development of vellus hair in 3 patients (alopecia areata totalis 2, ophiasis 1) at the end of therapy, and normal hair growth in 3 patients with bald plaques. We may conclude that CyA is capable of inducing regrowth of hair when applied topically. However, the drug does not seem to be useful for the treatment of alopecia areata.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3619297&dopt=Abstract








J Invest Dermatol. 1988 Feb;90(2):193-200.
HLA-DR expression by hair follicle keratinocytes in alopecia areata: evidence that it is secondary to the lymphoid infiltration.

Khoury EL, Price VH, Greenspan JS.

Department of Stomatology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0512.

There is evidence suggesting that alopecia areata (AA) may have an autoimmune pathogenesis, and it was recently reported that keratinocytes in the bulb of some hair follicles affected by this condition express class II HLA (HLA-DR) antigens, which are not present on the same cells in normal tissue. Since it has been proposed that an analogous ectopic HLA-DR expression by epithelial cells in other organs might be an early event leading to organ-specific autoimmunity, we have investigated the sequence in which perifollicular mononuclear cell (MNC) infiltration and ectopic HLA-DR expression on keratinocytes appear in recent-onset and long-standing cases of AA by immunostainings of affected and unaffected areas with monoclonal antibodies against leukocyte and HLA-DR antigens. In recent-onset AA lesions, ectopic HLA-DR expression on hair follicle keratinocytes was found only occasionally (in 3 out of 247 follicles examined) and was restricted to biopsies from the affected areas. This prevalence was significantly lower than the prevalence of hair follicles showing perifollicular MNC infiltrates in the same biopsies, and was also significantly lower than the prevalence of hair follicles showing ectopic HLA-DR expression on keratinocytes in the affected areas of longstanding cases. These findings suggest that in AA lesions the perifollicular MNC infiltration precedes the ectopic HLA-DR expression on hair follicle keratinocytes, and therefore argue against the notion of a primary role for that ectopic HLA-DR expression on epithelial cells in triggering the putative autoimmune response in AA.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2448391&dopt=Abstract





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