References: Hair growth and hair loss
J Endocrinol. 1997 Nov;155(2):265-75.
Distribution of prolactin receptor immunoreactivity in ovine skin and changes during the wool follicle growth cycle.
Choy VJ, Nixon AJ, Pearson AJ.
New Zealand Pastoral Agriculture Research Institute, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Prolactin is believed to mediate seasonal cues entraining seasonal reproductive and hair follicle growth cycles. Prolactin receptor binding activity and prolactin receptor gene expression in mammalian skin have recently been described. In this report, prolactin receptor immunoreactivity is identified in sheep skin using a monoclonal antibody against the rat liver prolactin receptor. Western blotting analysis of microsomal membrane proteins from skin showed major bands corresponding to molecular weights of 87 and 71 kDa and minor bands at 101 and 21 kDa. RNase protection analysis revealed the presence of mRNA species coding for long and short forms of the prolactin receptor. Formalin-fixed sections, exposed to the monoclonal antibody and stained by an immunogold method, revealed prolactin receptor-immunoreactivity in the dermal papilla, germinal matrix, outer root sheath, lower regions of the inner root sheath and connective tissue sheath of wool follicles. Staining was absent from keratinised cell populations. In all samples, the interfollicular epidermis, sebaceous and sweat glands were positively stained. The distribution of prolactin receptor is described in both growing and inactive wool follicles and related to postulated cycle-specific actions of circulating prolactin in the control of seasonal fibre growth.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9415061&dopt=Abstract
Br J Dermatol. 1997 Nov;137(5):693-8.
Genes for a range of growth factors and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors are expressed by isolated human hair follicles.
Mitsui S, Ohuchi A, Hotta M, Tsuboi R, Ogawa H.
Kao Biological Science Laboratories, Tochigi, Japan.
The mRNA expressions of various growth regulatory molecules in single human anagen hair follicles were analysed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Approximately 370 hair follicles were isolated from 20 normal individuals, and 0.90 +/- 0.34 microgram (mean +/- SD) total RNA was extracted per whole hair follicle. The mRNAs of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1, FGF-2, FGF-5, FGF-7, transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, TGF-beta 1, hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, tumour suppressor gene p53 and high sulphur protein were detected in most or all of the examined hair follicles per target gene. In contrast, none of the mRNAs of FGF-3, FGF-4, FGF-6, FGF-9 and IGF-II was detected, and those of TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3 were detected in only a limited number of the examined hair follicles. Among cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, the mRNAs of p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1 were expressed in almost all the hair follicles, while those of p15INK4B and p16INK4A were not detected. These results suggest that both positive and negative factors for the proliferation and differentiation of follicular epithelial cells coexist in a human anagen hair follicle.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9415226&dopt=Abstract
Br J Dermatol. 1997 Nov;137(5):699-702.
A controlled study of the effects of RU58841, a non-steroidal antiandrogen, on human hair production by balding scalp grafts maintained on testosterone-conditioned nude mice.
De Brouwer B, Tetelin C, Leroy T, Bonfils A, Van Neste D.
Skin Study Centre, Tournai, Belgium, France.
Human hair growth can be monitored for several months after the transplantation of scalp samples from men with androgen-dependent alopecia on to female nude mice. Hair production from balding sites has been shown to be inhibited in testosterone-conditioned nude mice. We used this recently reported model to study the effect of a new non-steroidal antiandrogen-RU58841-on human hair growth. Twenty productive scalp grafts from balding men were maintained for 8 months after grafting on to nude mice, and hair production was monitored monthly for 6 months. All mice were conditioned by the topical application of testosterone (testosterone propionate, 300 micrograms in 10 microL; 5 days/week) on the non-grafted flank. The scalp samples were divided equally according to the estimated hair production potential, which was based on the amount of hair present on the scalp samples before grafting. Each of the two equal groups of grafts was further allocated at random to be treated topically (5 days/week) with blinded solutions of either RU58841 1% in ethanol, or ethanol as a control. Twenty-eight active follicles appeared on the 10 control grafts. Among them only two follicles (7%) initiated a second hair cycle. However, the 10 RU58841-treated grafts bore a total of 29 active follicles, and eight of them (28%) showed a second cycle. The values for the linear hair growth rates (LHGR) were significantly (P < 0.04) higher in the RU58841-treated group. Recycling and increased LHGR indicate a positive action for RU58841 on human hair growth from balding samples grafted on to testosterone-conditioned nude mice, and encourage a clinical trial to evaluate its potential in the treatment of androgen-dependent alopecia.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9415227&dopt=Abstract
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