References: Hair growth and hair loss
DKFZ-Heidelberg.DE
Because the lack of some adhesion molecules induced by site-directed mutagenesis has been described to be lethal, whereas the lack of others apparently has no effect, we were interested in seeing whether the developing organism might gradually adapt to the absence of adhesion molecules. Therefore, we chose a form of transient interference by i.v. injection of antibody into pregnant rats. As a model, we selected CD44, which has been reported to play a key role during embryogenesis. Rats received either an antibody recognizing an epitope on the CD44 standard isoform (CD44s) or on exon v6 (CD44v6). In the presence of anti-CD44s, delivery was frequently delayed, and intrauterine abortions were often observed. The fetuses were smaller, particularly the anlage of the hair follicle of the whisker, and the formation of alveoli in the lung, of the tubular system of the kidney, and of villi in the gut was delayed. The development of fetuses receiving anti-CD44v6 was hampered until days 16-18 of gestation. Immunodetection revealed a weaker expression of the target molecules at the implantation site and the complete absence of CD44s and CD44v6 expression in fetal tissue until day 12. During the late stages of gestation, the expression pattern of CD44 resembled that of 2-3-day-younger fetuses of untreated rats. Interestingly, degradation of hyaluronate was also delayed, particularly in the kidney. Thus, the diaplacental antibody passage was very efficient and should make it possible to obtain a clearly defined and differentiated concept of the requirements for the CD44 molecule during ontogeny and also for fail-safe mechanisms. Both experiences may be missed in the knockout proper.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9372244&dopt=Abstract
Am J Clin Nutr. 1976 Jul;29(7):710-5.
Potentially useful criteria for judging nutritional adequacy.
Davis DR, Williams RJ.
Four different diets designed to be of differing quality were fed to large groups of male weanling rats. These diets were: diet C consisting of commercial Rat Chow: diet CG, the same diet diluted with 70% glucose calories, diet A, a simulated "American" diet made up of 25 widely used foods, diet AS, the same diet supplemented with small amounts of 25 vitamins and minerals. The rats on these four diets were observed for 69 days under different circumstances and treatments to ascertain the existence of hitherto unused criteria which might advantageously be applied in nutritional studies. Among the less traditional criteria found to be significantly affected by the diet were: 1) voluntary consumption of food, 2) sleeping time after anesthesia, 3) weight gains after surgery, 4) healing time after surgery, 5) hair growth after clipping, 6) voluntary sugar consumption, and 7) recovery time after cyanide poisoning. These findings suggest that there are probably many other unexplored criteria which could be used advantageously in nutritional experimentation.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=937225&dopt=Abstract
Am J Clin Nutr. 1976 Jul;29(7):734-8.
Zinc nutrition of preschool children in the Denver Head Start program.
Hambidge KM, Walravens PA, Brown RM, Webster J, White S, Anthony M, Roth ML.
Low income diets provide relatively little zinc. This study was designed to evaluate the zinc nutritional states of 74 low income preschool children enrolled in the Denver Head Start Program. Zinc is necessary for normal growth, hence children were selected on the bases of low height percentiles. The mean (+/- SE) hair zinc concentration was 87.0 +/- 5.9 mug/g, and the mean plasma zinc concentration was 74.5 +/- 1.5 mug/100 ml. These levels were both lower (P is less than 0.005) than those of middle income children of similar age. Sixty-eight percent of the study group had a hair zinc concentration less than 70 mug/g and/or a plasma zinc concentration less than 68 mug/100 ml. These results indicate that inadequate zinc nutrition may be common among preschool children with low growth percentiles from low income families.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=937228&dopt=Abstract
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