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References: Hair growth and hair loss








Pigment Cell Res. 1997 Oct;10(5):298-303.
Agouti protein inhibits the production of eumelanin and phaeomelanin in the presence and absence of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone.

Graham A, Wakamatsu K, Hunt G, Ito S, Thody AJ.

Department of Dermatology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.

Melanocytes synthesise two types of melanin: the brown-black eumelanin and the red-yellow phaeomelanin. In mice, the relative proportions of these two melanins are regulated by alpha-MSH, which preferentially increases the synthesis of eumelanin and by the Agouti protein (AP), the expression of which correlates with the growth of yellow phaeomelanin-containing hair. It has been proposed that AP acts by antagonizing the action of alpha-MSH at the MC1 receptor, although it has been suggested that it may also act independently of alpha-MSH. In the present study we show that AP inhibits melanogenesis in B16F1 melanoma cells in the presence and absence of alpha-MSH and also causes dose-related decreases in the synthesis of both eumelanin and phaeomelanin. In the presence of alpha-MSH AP had a greater effect on eumelanin production and this is consistent with an antagonistic action at the MC1 receptor. In the absence of alpha-MSH however, AP produced similar reductions in the synthesis of both melanins. These changes were not seen in B16G4F cells which lack the MC1 receptor, suggesting that even in the absence of alpha-MSH AP acts at the MC1 receptor. How this action is mediated at the intracellular level is not yet clear, although it appears to be associated with a decrease in tyrosinase activity.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9359625&dopt=Abstract

gsf.de

A new mutation at the locus encoding the mast cell growth factor (Mgf) is described and designated as MgfSl-3Neu. Homozygous mutants have a light grey fur, sometimes with white patches. Homozygotes are fertile, but with reduced litter size, when mated inter se. Analysis of haematological parameters indicated no difference between mutant and wild-type mice. Sequence analysis of the cDNA obtained from the brain of homozygous mutants revealed an A-->G exchange at position 400 leading to a predicted amino acid exchange from Asn-->Leu at position 122. As a consequence of the predicted amino acid exchange an extension of the alpha-helical context and a decreased hydropathicity of the region at positions 101-125 can be deduced. This single amino acid exchange is outside of the known important domains of MGF and explains the weak phenotype of MgfSl-3Neu.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9360640&dopt=Abstract




Biol Trace Elem Res. 1997 Jul-Aug;58(1-2):117-25.
Serum and hair zinc levels in epileptic children taking valproic acid.

Altunbasak S, Biatmakoui F, Baytok V, Herguner O, Burgut HR, Kayrin L.

Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Adana, Turkey.

This study was performed to investigate the serum and hair zinc levels in patients epilepsy diagnoses who were intended to be put on valproic acid (VA) monotherapy and had never ingested antiepileptics before. A total of 16 patients having normal growth, development and nutrition was selected as Group 1, and Group 2 was made up of 10 patients who had received VA monotherapy for 2 yrs or more and had normal growth, development, and nutrition characteristics. A control group (Group 3) was formed of 15 subjects who applied to the hospital for upper respiratory tract disorders. Serum and hair samples were taken for zinc assays from the Group 1 patients on the d 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 180. Groups 2 and 3 were sampled only once, and zinc levels were determined. We found that both serum and hair zinc levels in Group 1 were higher than those of Group 2 and control group before the beginning of VA therapy, but they returned to normal during VA treatment. There was no zinc deficiency, and zinc replacement treatment may therefore be considered as unnecessary.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9363326&dopt=Abstract





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