References: Hair growth and hair loss
J Invest Dermatol. 1997 Nov;109(5):672-8.
Expression of two Ig family adhesion molecules in the murine hair cycle: DCC in the bulge epithelia and NCAM in the follicular papilla.
Combates NJ, Chuong CM, Stenn KS, Prouty SM.
Skin Biology Technology Resource Center, Johnson and Johnson CPWW, Skillman, New Jersey 08558, USA.
The hair cycle involves remodeling of cells and of cell groups into a complex follicular structure. During skin appendage development, adhesion molecules such as neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and deleted in colon carcinoma (DC) participate in the formation of cell groups. NCAM has been found to be expressed in the mesenchyme during mouse hair follicle induction. DCC expression has been observed in the epithelial cells of the developing feather. We postulate that these two molecules may also define cell groups in the cycling hair follicle. Here we report their spatio-temporal expression patterns during the depilation-induced murine hair cycle. NCAM expression was also examined in positive and negative hair-inductive follicular papilla cell lines. Throughout the hair cycle, DCC expression was confined to the basal keratinocytes of the epidermis and the epithelial portion of the hair follicle. During mid-anagen, two types of deleted in colon carcinoma staining were observed. One was a cell surface pattern seen in the epithelial cells in the bulge region where the follicular stem cells reside. The other was a diffuse cytoplasmic staining pattern in the transient hair follicle epithelia located below the bulge region. Prominent NCAM staining was observed in the follicular papilla throughout the hair cycle and was accompanied by weak staining of the matrix epithelia. NCAM expression correlated with hair induction by a follicular papilla cell line. The results suggest that DCC and NCAM define the permanent cell groups of the hair follicle and that NCAM is important for hair induction.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9347798&dopt=Abstract
Plant Mol Biol. 1997 Nov;35(4):497-508.
Two genes encoding extension-like proteins are predominantly expressed in tomato root hair cells.
Bucher M, Schroeer B, Willmitzer L, Riesmeier JW.
Institut fur Genbiologische Forschung Berlin GmbH, Germany.
A differential screen of a tomato root hair cDNA library resulted in the cloning of two cDNAs, Dif10 and Dif54, whose corresponding genes are preferentially expressed in root hair cells as determined by analysis of mRNA levels in various tomato organs. Transcript levels showed no increase in leaves subjected to hormonal and environmental stress treatments. Sequence analysis of the cDNAs revealed high similarity to members of the extension family. Extensions are hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) located in the cell wall. In order to study the functional significance of HRGPs in root hairs, tomato seedling roots were treated with micromolar concentrations of 3,4-dehydro-L-proline (Dhp), a selective inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase. Dhp treatment resulted in changes in root growth and the development of root hairs with reduced hair length, suggesting an important role of HRGPs in hair morphogenesis.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9349272&dopt=Abstract
J Androl. 1997 Sep-Oct;18(5):495-500.
Serum androgens: associations with prostate cancer risk and hair patterning.
Demark-Wahnefried W, Lesko SM, Conaway MR, Robertson CN, Clark RV, Lobaugh B, Mathias BJ, Strigo TS, Paulson DF.
Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Cancer of the prostate is the leading cancer among American men, yet few risk factors have been established. Hair growth and development are influenced by androgens, and it has long been suspected that prostate cancer also is responsive to these hormones. A blinded, case-control study was undertaken to determine if hair patterning is associated with risk of prostate cancer, as well as specific hormonal profiles. The study accrued 315 male subjects who were stratified with regard to age, race, and case-control status (159 prostate cancer cases/156 controls). Hair-patterning classification and serum levels of total and free testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were performed. Data indicate that hair patterning did not differ between prostate cancer cases and controls; however, significant hormonal differences were detected between the two groups. Free T was greater among cases than in controls (16.4 +/- 6.1 vs. 14.9 +/- 4.8 pg/ml, P = 0.02). Conversely, DHT-related ratios were greater among controls (P = 0.03 for DHT/T and P = 0.01 for DHT/free T). Several strong associations also were found between hormone levels and hair patterning. Men with vertex and frontal baldness had higher levels of free T (16.5 +/- 5.5 and 16.2 +/- 8.0 pg/ml, respectively) when compared to men with either little or no hair loss (14.8 +/- 4.7 pg/ml) (P = 0.01). Data suggest that increased levels of free T may be a risk factor for prostatic carcinoma. In addition, although no differences in hair patterning were detected between cases and controls within this older population, further research (i.e., prospective trials or case-control studies among younger men) may be necessary to determine if hair patterning serves as a viable biomarker for this disease, especially given the strong association between free T levels and baldness.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9349747&dopt=Abstract
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