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References: Hair growth and hair loss

Dermatol Surg. 1997 Sep;23(9):829-33.
Standardized technique of transplanting micrografts in hair restoration surgery. A practical approach.

Fan J, Wang J, Nordstrom RE.

Nordstrom Hospital for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Helsinki, Finland.

BACKGROUND: The transplantation of a large number of hair-bearing micrografts has become an important method in hair restoration surgery and one that achieves a more natural looking growth of the transplanted hairs than minigrafts or punchgrafts. However, the process of grafting over a hundred micrografts is still tedious, laborious, and time-consuming, and also increases the amount of surgical trauma to the hair follicles of the donor site. OBJECTIVE: To speed up the process of micrografting and minimize surgical trauma to the follicles and the grafts in order to maximize the grafts survival and therefore optimize clinical results. METHODS: The authors describe the standardized micrografting technique used in our unit for hair transplantation, which speeds up the grafting process and minimizes the trauma due to surgery during the various fares of the transplanting procedure of the hair follicles. RESULTS: The described technique significantly speeds up the process of transplanting micrografts with minimal surgical trauma and therefore the best possible graft survival. CONCLUSION: Standardized micrografting is a fast, practical and efficient technique for hair restoration surgery.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9311378&dopt=Abstract

J Invest Dermatol. 1997 Oct;109(4):518-26.
Transforming growth factor-beta receptor type I and type II expression during murine hair follicle development and cycling.

Paus R, Foitzik K, Welker P, Bulfone-Paus S, Eichmuller S.

Department of Dermatology, Charite, Humboldt-Universitat Berlin, Germany.

Although the TGF-beta family of growth factors probably regulates skin and hair follicle development, its exact role is still quite ill-defined. Here, we characterize the correlative expression pattern of the interdependent high affinity receptor proteins for TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3, TGF-beta receptor type I (TGF-betaRI) and TGF-beta receptor type II (TGF-betaRII), during hair follicle development and cycling in C57BL/6 mice. During neonatal follicle development, TGF-betaRII immunoreactivity is confined to epithelial cells. Focal epidermal TGF-betaRII expression is seen even before actual hair placode formation. In contrast to the TGF-betaRII immunoreactivity in the outer root sheath, precortical hair matrix and inner root sheath cells were TGF-betaRII negative during hair bulb morphogenesis. TGF-betaRI (Alk-5) immunoreactivity largely overlapped the TGF-betaRII expression pattern, but was more widespread. During hair follicle cycling in adolescent mice, TGF-betaRII immunoreactivity was restricted to follicles, and was strikingly hair cycle dependent (maximal immunoreactivity: anagen VI and early catagen). Again, TGF-betaRI (Alk-5) immunoreactivity co-localized with TGF-betaRII immunoreactivity, but was more extensive. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of TGF-betaRII mRNA confirmed peak transcript levels in back skin with most hair follicles in the anagen VI-catagen transformation. mRNA levels of TGF-betaRI (Alk-5) did not vary significantly during the hair cycle, whereas those of TGF-betaRI (threonine-serine kinase 7 L) declined during early anagen, and were maximal during the anagen-catagen transition. This provides a basis for defining the choreography of TGF-beta-related signalling during hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling, introduces intraepidermal TGF-betaRII immunoreactivity as a marker for imminent follicle development, and supports the concept that both TGF-betaRII and TGF-betaRI stimulation is involved in, but not restricted to, the control of catagen induction.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9326384&dopt=Abstract

J Invest Dermatol. 1997 Oct;109(4):534-40.
Primary mouse keratinocyte cultures contain hair follicle progenitor cells with multiple differentiation potential.

Kamimura J, Lee D, Baden HP, Brissette J, Dotto GP.

Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, USA.

The interfollicular epidermis contains a single type of terminally differentiated keratinocytes, whereas hair follicles are composed of a minimum of six or seven distinct types. Whether or not these various populations of terminally differentiated keratinocytes originate from one or more progenitor cells has not been established. A related and important question is whether keratinocyte progenitor cells with a pluripotent potential, able to form not only epidermis but also hair follicles, can be maintained in vitro for any period of time. We have addressed these questions using skin reconstitution assays with admixed populations of genetically labeled, cultured keratinocytes. Examination of reconstituted epidermis and hair follicles showed that neither was composed of a random mixture of differently labeled keratinocytes, as would be predicted if they originated from a random reassociation of cells. Instead, the reconstituted interfollicular epidermis contained distinct columnar units, comprising all the overlying layers and most likely derived from a single progenitor cell. In contrast, hair follicles were found to be composed of cells of multiple origin, with each population showing a striking localization to a separate concentric region. The vast majority of reconstituted follicles appeared to derive from a minimum of two or, in a significant fraction of cases, three progenitor cells, one for the generation of the shaft (cuticle, cortex, and medulla), one for the inner root sheath, and the third for the outer root sheath. The general implications of these findings for epidermis and hair follicle formation and for keratinocyte stem cell cultivation are discussed.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9326386&dopt=Abstract

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