References: Hair growth and hair loss
Ther Umsch. 2002 May;59(5):217-22.
[Diffuse hair loss in women]
[Article in German]
Trueb RM.
Dermatologische Klinik, UniversitatsSpital Zurich.
The complaint "Doctor, I am losing my hair" represents a particular challenge to the physician, and involves making a specific diagnosis, selecting an appropriate therapy, and expressing empathy for the patient's anxiety. Diffuse hair loss in women was formerly classified as an entity of its own. Since the identification of female pattern hair loss, most cases have been recognized to be due to androgenetic alopecia, often during phases of life characterized by fluctuations of sexual hormone levels or in connection with intake or cessation of hormonal therapy. The most difficult differential diagnosis includes androgenetic alopecia, chronic telogen effluvium, and psychogenic pseudo efflvuium. Androgenetic alopecia is due to androgen-induced, non-synchronized, progressive shortening of the hair growth cycle and gradually leads to thinning of the central scalp area. Idiopathic chronic telogen effluvium typically occurs in women, starting abruptly without a recognizable initiating factor, and involves the entire scalp area with increased shedding of telogen hair. It is believed to be due to synchronization phenomena of the cyclic hair growth. Psychogenic pseudo effluvium affects fashion-oriented, self-conscious women suffering of a discrepancy between the actual state of their hair and idealized expectations. Later the problem of age-related hair thinning oft becomes a surrogate for the more generalized problem of senescence. Rational therapy of androgenetic alopecia aims at blocking the androgen effect on hair follicles with estrogens and antiandrogens or at pharmacologically reversing vellus hair transformation with topical minoxidil. In contrast, women with idiopathic chronic telogen effluvium should be reassured that their problem is rather a state of exaggerated "hair shedding" than of actual "hair loss".
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12090117&dopt=Abstract
J Anat. 2002 May;200(5):477-85.
Immunohistochemical localization of BDNF-, TrkB- and TrkA-like proteins in the teleost lateral line system.
Germana A, Catania S, Cavallaro M, Gonzalez-Martinez T, Ciriaco E, Hannestad J, Vega JA.
Dipartimento di Morfologia, Biochimica, Fisiologia e Produzione Animale Universita di Messina, Italy.
The lateral line system, formed of both superficial (pit organs) and canal neuromasts, is one of the major mechanosensory systems in fish. It has always been assumed that this system depends on neurotrophins and their cognate Trk receptors for development and maintenance, as has been shown in other mechanosensitive systems of vertebrates. However, until nowthis issue has not been specifically addressed. In this study we used immunohistochemistry to investigate the occurrence and localization both of neurotrophins (NGF-, BDNF- and NT-3-like) and of Trk-like proteins (TrkA-, TrkB-, TrkC-like) in alevins of Salmo salar and S. trutta. All cells in the pit organs of S. salar displayed strong immunoreactivity for TrkB-like and BDNF-like, whereas they were restricted to the hair cells in S. trutta. The hair, supporting and mantle cells of S. salar, and the mantle cells of S. trutta, also expressed TrkA-like immunoreactivity. In the canal neuromasts BDNF-, TrkA- and TrkB-like proteins were present in all cells, without differences between species. NGF-, NT-3- and TrkC-like immunoreactivity were never detected. The present results suggest that mechanoreceptive hair cells, as well as supporting cells, in the lateral line system are under the control of the BDNF-TrkB-like complex, and probably of ligands of TrkA-like receptors.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12090394&dopt=Abstract
Development. 2002 Jul;129(14):3493-503.
Planar cell polarization requires Widerborst, a B' regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A.
Hannus M, Feiguin F, Heisenberg CP, Eaton S.
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse-108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
We have identified widerborst (wdb), a B' regulatory subunit of PP2A, as a conserved component of planar cell polarization mechanisms in both Drosophila and in zebrafish. In Drosophila, wdb acts at two steps during planar polarization of wing epithelial cells. It is required to organize tissue polarity proteins into proximal and distal cortical domains, thus determining wing hair orientation. It is also needed to generate the polarized membrane outgrowth that becomes the wing hair. Widerborst activates the catalytic subunit of PP2A and localizes to the distal side of a planar microtubule web that lies at the level of apical cell junctions. This suggests that polarized PP2A activation along the planar microtubule web is important for planar polarization. In zebrafish, two wdb homologs are required for convergent extension during gastrulation, supporting the conjecture that Drosophila planar cell polarization and vertebrate gastrulation movements are regulated by similar mechanisms.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12091318&dopt=Abstract
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