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References: Hair growth and hair loss

Am J Pathol. 1997 Sep;151(3):715-24.
Differential expression and localization of insulin-like growth factors I and II in cutaneous wounds of diabetic and nondiabetic mice.

Brown DL, Kane CD, Chernausek SD, Greenhalgh DG.

Shriners Burns Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I has profound effects on tissue repair. IGF-II is felt to exert its influence predominately during fetal development. The purpose of this study was to localize and quantify the expression of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA and protein during early wound healing in diabetic and nondiabetic mice. The hypothesis is that IGF-I and IGF-II are up-regulated in the healing wound, but their expression is inhibited in diabetics. Full-thickness cutaneous wounds were made on genetically diabetic (C57BL/ KsJ-db/db) mice and their nondiabetic littermates. At various times after wounding, one-half of each wound was fixed and paraffin embedded for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The other half was flash-frozen for quantification of IGF mRNA by competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and protein by radioimmunoassay. IGF-I mRNA rose sharply in nondiabetics at day 3. Expression in diabetic wounds was significantly delayed until 14 days after wounding. Even then, diabetic IGF-I mRNA levels were 50% less than those in the nondiabetics at their peak. Although not usually considered active in adult life, IGF-II mRNA expression was augmented after wounding, peaking at 3 days in nondiabetics. As with IGF-I, diabetic wounds exhibited a delay in IGF-II mRNA expression, with maximal levels at 10 days after wounding. Interestingly, peak concentrations of IGF-II mRNA were four times greater in diabetics versus nondiabetics. Trends in IGF-I protein expression followed the patterns of mRNA expression. IGF-I levels in nondiabetics were initially double those in diabetics and peaked at 5 days. Diabetic wound concentrations of IGF-I did not peak until 21 days after wounding, at which time they rose to nondiabetic levels. IGF-I and IGF-II proteins were localized to the advancing epithelial edge, to the epithelial cells of adjacent hair follicles, and to the granulation tissue of the wounds. IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA expression was noted in the epithelial edge and in the hair follicles adjacent to the wound, paralleling protein expression. Both IGF-I and IGF-II are up-regulated in the healing wound. A delay in IGF-I and -II presence is noted in the diabetic wound. The impairment in tissue repair in diabetic animals is at least partially due to a deficiency in the production of the IGFs.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9284820&dopt=Abstract

Ann Nutr Metab. 1997;41(3):189-95.
Effects of arsenic (V)-chromium (III) interaction on plasma glucose and cholesterol levels in growing rats.

Aguilar MV, Martinez-Para MC, Gonzalez MJ.

Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain.

Recent studies have demonstrated interaction between arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) affecting absorption and/or protein catabolism. In the present study the possible effects of As(V)/Cr(III) interaction on growth rate, organ weight, and the two main organic functions of Cr, i.e., regulation of plasma glucose levels and total plasma cholesterol levels, was examined in weaned male Wistar rats. The diet of 20 rats was supplemented with 5 micrograms of As(V) and/or Cr(III) per gram of food for 10 weeks. As/Cr interaction did not significantly affect growth rates on organ weight:body weight ratios but did decrease total plasma cholesterol levels, though the decrease was not as pronounced as in the group supplemented with Cr alone (p < 0.1). Since supplementation with As(V) produced the opposite effect (96.83 vs. 47.27) (p < 0.01), the combined use of As and Cr may prove beneficial in cases of chronic As(V) intoxication. Supplementation treatment with As(V) and Cr(III) combined had no significant effect on glucose levels, because though As(V) affects Cr tissue levels and thus alters the effect of Cr on plasma cholesterol levels, individual effects of As(V) and Cr(III) are similar, and hence basal glucose levels are unaffected.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9286469&dopt=Abstract

J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 1997 Aug;10(3):125-32.
Clinical, endocrinologic, and ultrasonographic features of polycystic ovary syndrome in Singaporean adolescents.

Dramusic V, Goh VH, Rajan U, Wong YC, Ratnam SS.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore.

The study sought to evaluate the clinical, endocrinologic, and ultrasonographic features in 150 Singaporean adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) before and after treatment, which was composed primarily of a combined hormone therapy of estrogen and cyproterone acetate. The patients' ages ranged from 12 to 22 years with the majority between 15 and 18 years of age. Most of these girls were seen between their third and fifth gynecologic year. A considerable proportion of them had matured early, experiencing menarche between 9 and 12 years of age. Tanner staging was normal except for a greater proportion at higher stages for pubic and axillary hair, most likely a reflection of the substantial degree of androgenization commonly found in subjects with PCOS. All 150 patients presented with menstrual disorders including secondary amenorrhea, menarche only, anovulatory uterine bleeding, oligomenorrhea, and primary amenorrhea. The majority had normal body weight; 10% to 27% were either underweight or overweight, respectively. On ultrasound, patients presented with enlarged ovaries; enlargement was more pronounced in the right ovary with dense stroma and multiple subcapsular cysts. Many subjects had elevated androgen, luteinizing hormone (LH), and LH/ follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Although characteristic of PCOS, FSH levels were either low or normal. Prolactin, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and androstenedione were generally normal. A substantial proportion of the study group had elevated cortisol levels. It was noted that adolescent girls with PCOS responded well to treatment; more than 60% showed improvement in cycle profiles following at least 1 year of treatment. Our current opinion is that adolescents with PCOS should be managed early, and that treatment should include medical correction of any hormonal or body-weight imbalance and include psychologic intervention when necessary.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9288656&dopt=Abstract

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