References: Hair growth and hair loss
leeds.ac.uk
No standards exist for the evaluation of hair in hirsute women. This study compared the semi-quantitative visual scoring of body hair, using the Ferriman & Gallwey scale, in 88 hirsute women with direct objective measurements of hair shaft diameter and daily linear growth rates of hair growing on the pre-auricular area of the face, the forearm, the anterior abdominal wall and the anterior thigh. There was a significant correlation between the semi-quantitative score and diameter measurements on the forearm, abdominal wall and thigh. There was no relationship between linear growth rates at any of the four sites and the semi-quantitative score. The conclusion of this report is that suitably standardised and controlled semi-quantitative measurement of hair in hirsute women with visual analogue scores would appear to offer information similar to that obtained by direct measurement of hair diameter.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9228229&dopt=Abstract
J Neurosci. 1997 Aug 15;17(16):6213-25.
Lack of neurotrophin 3 causes losses of both classes of spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea in a region-specific fashion.
Fritzsch B, Farinas I, Reichardt LF.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.
Essential functions of neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) in regulating afferent and efferent innervation of the cochlea have been characterized by comparison of normal and NT-3 mutant mice. NT-3 deficiency has striking, region-specific effects, with complete loss of sensory neurons in the basal turn and dramatic but incomplete neuronal loss in the middle and apical turns. The sensory innervation of inner and outer hair cells was reorganized in mutant animals. Instead of a strictly radial pattern of innervation, the axons of remaining sensory neurons projected spirally along the row of inner hair cells to innervate even the most basal inner hair cells. Innervation of outer hair cells was strongly reduced overall and was not detected in the basal turn. The presence of fibers extending to both inner and outer hair cells suggests that subsets of types I and II sensory neurons survive in the absence of NT-3. Likewise, projections of the cochlea to auditory nuclei of the brainstem were attenuated but otherwise present. Equally striking changes in efferent innervation were observed in mutant animals that closely mimicked the abnormal sensory innervation pattern. Despite these impressive innervation deficiencies, the morphology of the organ of Corti and the development of inner and outer hair cells appeared comparatively normal.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9236232&dopt=Abstract
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997 Jun;25(3):277-88.
Estimation of the interindividual variability in the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model for methylmercury: implications for the derivation of a reference dose.
Stern AH.
Division of Science and Research-CN 409, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton 08625, USA.
A critical step in the U.S. EPA's derivation of an Reference Dose (RfD) for methylmercury is conversion of the maternal hair Hg concentration of 11 ppm to average daily intake using the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. A default uncertainty factor (UF) adjustment of 3 for interindividual variability was then applied to this conversion. A probabilistic (Monte Carlo) analysis is presented estimating the interindividual variability inherent in this dose conversion for women 18-40 years old based on data in the scientific literature. The dose of 1.1 micrograms/kg/day, calculated by the U.S. EPA to correspond to 11 ppm Hg in hair, is estimated in this analysis to be larger than 94-99% of corresponding doses. The application of a UF of 3 to this U.S. EPA value gives a dose which is estimated to be larger than 28-73% of corresponding doses. This analysis suggests that if the dose conversion in the RfD is intended to be inclusive of 95-99% of women 18-40, the daily intake should be set at 0.1-0.3 microgram/kg/day. The RfD of 0.03-0.1 microgram/kg/day, derived from this dose by the U.S. EPA's application of an additional UF of 3 for additional toxicologic concerns, is somewhat smaller than the current RfD of 0.1 microgram/kg/day.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9237329&dopt=Abstract
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