References: Hair growth and hair loss
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jun 24;94(13):6837-41.
Photocarcinogenesis and inhibition of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression in cells of DNA-repair-defective individuals.
Ahrens C, Grewe M, Berneburg M, Grether-Beck S, Quilliet X, Mezzina M, Sarasin A, Lehmann AR, Arlett CF, Krutmann J.
Clinical and Experimental Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
Cells from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XP-D) and most patients with trichothiodystrophy (TTD) are deficient in excision repair of ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced DNA damage. Although in both syndromes this defect is based on mutations in the same gene, XPD, only XP-D, not TTD, individuals have an increased risk of skin cancer. Since the reduction in DNA repair capacity is similar in XP-D and TTD patients, it cannot account for the difference in skin cancer risk. The features of XP-D and TTD might therefore be attributable to differences in the immune response following UV-irradiation, a factor which is presumed to be important for photocarcinogenesis. We have measured the capacity of UVB radiation to inhibit expression of the immunological key molecule intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in cells from three healthy individuals in comparison to cells from three XP-D and three TTD patients. Cells from XP-D patients, but not from TTD patients, exhibited an increased susceptibility to UVB radiation-induced inhibition of ICAM-1 expression. Transfection of XP-D cells with the wild-type XPD cDNA, but not with XPC cDNA, corrected this abnormal phenotype. Thus, the skin cancer risk in DNA repair-defective individuals correlated with the susceptibility of their cells to UVB radiation-induced inhibition of ICAM-1 expression, rather than with their defect in DNA repair. The XPD protein has dual roles: in DNA repair and transcription. The transcriptional role might be important for the control of expression of immunologically relevant genes and thereby contribute to the skin cancer risk of a DNA-repair-deficient individual.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9192652&dopt=Abstract
Anat Embryol (Berl). 1997 Jun;195(6):503-14.
Embryonic and postnatal development of the rat renal interstitium.
Maric C, Ryan GB, Alcorn D.
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Whilst antihypertensive, structural and functional roles have been proposed for the cells of the renomedullary interstitium in the adult kidney, little is known about its role in renal development. Rat kidneys were studied throughout development, prenatally at gestational ages E14-E21 and postnatally at 0-28 days, by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and following immunocytochemistry. Renomedullary interstitial cells were observed as early as embryonic day E14, forming a loose, orderly network around branches of the ureteric bud. Paralleling the development of the first nephron structures, renomedullary interstitial cells were arranged in a concentric circular manner around collecting ducts. Following tubular and vascular growth from the cortex into the medulla, this arrangement resulted in the characteristic 'rungs of a ladder' appearance of interstitial cells between tubules, blood vessels and the collecting ducts. Renomedullary interstitial cells were closely adherent to basement membranes of tubules, blood vessels and collecting ducts from early in development. Contacts were absent between renomedullary interstitial cells and tubular structures in the process of remodelling, such as the hair-pin bends of the loops of Henle. At these foci laminin, a basement membrane glycoprotein was specificially localised to intracellular epithelial sites, whereas in more developed areas, laminin was restricted to epithelial basement membranes. Associated with the more mature structures, laminin was also localised to intracellular granules of renomedullary interstitial cells. Thus, renomedullary interstitial cells are present prior to and appear to be actively associated with tubule repositioning in the medulla, establishing themselves as integral to the process of renal development.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9193725&dopt=Abstract
Vet Parasitol. 1997 May;69(3-4):283-96.
Density and distribution of cattle lice (Phthiraptera:Haematopinidae, Linognathidae, Trichodectidae) on six steers.
Watson DW, Lloyd JE, Kumar R.
Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071, USA.
The density and distribution of four species of cattle louse, Bovicola bovis (L.). Haematopinus eurysternus (Nitzsch), Linognathus vituli (L.), and Solenopotes capillatus (Enderlein), were elucidated from the hides of six slaughtered steers. Adult and nymphal lice were first removed from one hide by hand and the location of each specimen mapped. The remaining lice were removed by a detergent wash, and KOH dissolution of hide and hair. Lice from the remaining five hides were removed using KOH dissolution of cattle hair and subsequent filtration of the effluent. Bovicola bovis was most abundant, followed by H. eurysternus, L. vituli and S. capillatus. Significant variation was observed in B. bovis, H. eurysternus and L. vituli population densities. Solenopotes capillatus population densities did not differ significantly. All species were contagiously distributed, i.e. 'clumped', suggesting species dependent predilection sites. Predilection sites were ranked according to louse density to facilitate the development of field sampling strategies. Additional biological data were gathered on sex and life stage ratios for each species.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9195738&dopt=Abstract
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