References: Hair growth and hair loss
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997 Apr;116(4):483-8.
Cartilage viability with interpolated skin flaps: an experimental study.
Park SS, White GJ, Cook TA, Wang TA, Kessler S, Cohen JI.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA.
Although composite cartilage grafts are often used in conjunction with a midline forehead flap to repair full-thickness nasal defects, the timing of pedicle division, which optimizes cartilage viability, has yet to be determined. A rabbit animal model was designed to investigate this question. The skin flap pedicle was divided at 0 days, 4 days, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 10 weeks in each of five groups of five animals. Although early pedicle division led to partial skin flap necrosis, the cartilage grafts tolerated this ischemic period better. Cartilage viability was approximately 70% and did not differ significantly between the five groups. It is concluded that a larger composite graft and better definition of the skin flap's critical period are needed to determine optimum timing for pedicle division in this animal model.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9141398&dopt=Abstract
J Lipid Res. 1997 Apr;38(4):805-12.
Pure linoleate deficiency in the rat: influence on growth, accumulation of n-6 polyunsaturates, and [1-14C]linoleate oxidation.
Cunnane SC, Anderson MJ.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.
Essential fatty acid deficiency has been widely studied but the extent to which its effects are attributable specifically to deficiency of linoleate as opposed to deficiency of all unsaturated fatty acids is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of pure linoleate deficiency on growth as well as changes in the metabolism and oxidation of n-6 polyunsaturates. The diets contained 20 energy % fat blended from 3 energy % pure oleate, 2 energy % linoleate (0.01 energy % in the linoleate-deficient group), 0.3 energy % pure alpha-linolenate, and the balance as palmitate and stearate from fully hydrogenated soybean oil. Thirty-five-day-old rats consumed the two diets for 84 days, after which the linoleate-deficient rats weighed 15% less than the controls (P < 0.05), had mild scaling on the paws, and visible hair loss (in a few rats). Compared with the controls, the ratio of eicosatrienoate to arachidonate after 84 days was elevated in liver (170-fold) and serum (520-fold) phospholipids of the linoleate-deficient group. In total, linoleate-deficient rats consumed 122 mg of linoleate and had a net whole body loss of 479 mg n-6 polyunsaturates compared with an intake of 24,130 mg and a net whole body gain of 7206 mg n-6 polyunsaturates in the control group. Linoleate-deficient rats oxidized 1% of an oral bolus of [1-14C]linoleate over 8 h compared with 34% in the control rats (P < 0.05). We conclude that pure linoleate deficiency has marked effects on accumulation of n-6 polyunsaturates but induces milder gross symptoms, particularly growth retardation, than classical essential fatty acid deficiency. alpha-Linolenate and possibly oleate may have a sparing effect on linoleate oxidation from body stores during linoleate deficiency.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9144095&dopt=Abstract
Histochem J. 1997 Feb;29(2):127-33.
Expression of retinoid-X receptors (-alpha,-beta,-gamma) and retinoic acid receptors (-alpha,-beta,-gamma) in normal human skin: an immunohistological evaluation.
Reichrath J, Mittmann M, Kamradt J, Muller SM.
Department of Dermatology, University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Increasing evidence suggests that the retinoid-X receptors (RXR-alpha,-beta,-gamma) play a crucial role in regulating the transcriptional activity of several steroid hormone receptors, including the receptors for retinoic acid (RAR-alpha,-beta,-gamma), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and thyroid hormone. We investigated the localization of the different types of RXR-alpha,-beta,-gamma and RAR-alpha,-beta,-gamma proteins in frozen sections of normal human skin (n = 12) in situ, applying recently raised corresponding specific monoclonal antibodies and an immunohistochemical technique that we established for the detection of these nuclear receptors. Our findings indicate that RXR-alpha,-beta,-gamma and RAR-alpha,-beta,-gamma proteins can be detected by immunohistochemistry in normal human skin. In contrast to RXR-alpha,-beta,-gamma as well as RAR-alpha and RAR-gamma proteins that were consistently detected in cell layers of the viable epidermis, RAR-beta was only focally demonstrated in single epidermal cells in three out of 12 biopsies analysed. Immunohistochemical labelling of RAR-alpha,-beta,-gamma and RXR-alpha,-beta,-gamma proteins in epidermal nuclei was also pronounced in the stratum granulosum, suggesting a function of RXR and RAR proteins in the transition from proliferation to differatiation in epidermal keratinocytes. Expression of RXRs and RARs in hair follicles, sebaceous glands and endothelial cell points to a biological function from these nuclear receptors to hair growth as well as to the physiology of sebaceous glands and endothelial cells.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9147069&dopt=Abstract
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