References: Hair growth and hair loss
J Neurosci. 1997 May 15;17(10):3634-43.
Relationship between the development of outer hair cell electromotility and efferent innervation: a study in cultured organ of corti of neonatal gerbils.
He DZ.
Auditory Physiology Laboratory (The Hugh Knowles Center), Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
Outer hair cell (OHC) electromotility, which powers the cochlear amplifier, develops at a later stage of hearing ontogeny. There has been speculation whether efferents play a necessary role in directing or achieving OHC maturation in mammals. In this study, we examine whether the development of OHC motility depends on the establishment of efferent innervation of the cells' synaptic pole by measuring electromotility of OHCs grown in cultures, deprived of efferent innervation. Tissue cultures of the organ of Corti were prepared from the cochleas of newborn gerbils. Solitary OHCs were obtained from 4- to 15-d-old cultures by enzymatic digestion and mechanical trituration. Length changes evoked by transcellular electrical stimulation were detected and measured with a photodiode sensor. Results show that OHCs develop electromotility between 6 and 13 d in culture without the presence of efferent innervation. The timetable for the onset of OHC electromotility is comparable with that in vivo. This demonstrates that the ontogeny of OHC electromotility is an intrinsic process that does not require the influence of efferent innervation.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9133386&dopt=Abstract
West Afr J Med. 1997 Jan-Mar;16(1):6-11.
Normal pattern of pubertal changes in Nigerian boys.
Ezeome ER, Ekenze SO, Obanye RO, Onyeagocha AC, Adibe LN, Chigbo J, Onuigbo WI.
Medical Students' Research Society, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
To find out the mean age of onset of puberty among Nigerians boys and the correlation between the various physical features of puberty, a randomised community based survey was done. Biographical data were obtained from 162 urban school boys and 304 rural school boys using questionnaire and physical examination. The sexual maturation of the subjects were staged using the standard criteria/photoplates developed by Tanner1 for the pubic hair and external genitalia. Sexual maturation of Nigerian boys was observed to start between 9 to 15 years of age. Most often there is a close concordance between stages of genitalia maturation and pubic hair stages at each age but stages of both features can be entirely discordant. Genitalia maturation is always ahead of pubic hair stages. Maturation starts at the same age in both urban and rural boys but urban boys complete maturation faster than rural boys. By 19 years of age most rural and urban boys have fully matured. Compared with works done by previous authors on boys from developed countries, this data will suggest that Nigerian boys start their sexual development later than boys from developed countries.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9133816&dopt=Abstract
Oncogene. 1997 Apr 10;14(14):1725-34.
Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 induces hyperplasia, dermal abnormalities, and spontaneous tumor formation in transgenic mice.
Bol DK, Kiguchi K, Gimenez-Conti I, Rupp T, DiGiovanni J.
Department of Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville 78957, USA.
Transgenic animals were developed to assess the role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in skin growth, differentiation and organization, as well as its importance in tumor formation. Expression of a human IGF-1 cDNA was targeted to the interfollicular epidermis of transgenic mice using a human keratin 1 promoter construct (HK1). Transgenic animals (HK1.IGF-1 mice) could be identified at birth by early ear unfolding and excessive ear and skin growth compared to non-transgenic littermates. Further examination of the skin from these mice showed epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, marked thickening of the dermis and hypodermis, and early hair follicle generation in newborns. The severity of this phenotype correlated with transgene expression both of which subsided with age. Adult HK1.IGF-1 mice developed spontaneous tumors following treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) alone and exhibited an exaggerated epidermal proliferative response following treatment with the tumor promoter compared to non transgenic littermates. Additionally, HK1.IGF-1 transgenic mice developed papillomas faster and in markedly greater numbers compared to non-transgenic littermates in standard initiation-promotion experiments. The data presented suggest an important role for IGF-1 in the process of multistage carcinogenesis in mouse skin.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9135074&dopt=Abstract
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