References: Hair growth and hair loss
Skin Pharmacol. 1996;9(6):366-75.
Pro-inflammatory cytokine cascade in human plucked hair.
Mahe YF, Buan B, Billoni N, Loussouarn G, Michelet JF, Gautier B, Bernard BA.
L'Oreal Hair Biology Research Group, Centre de Recherche C. Zviak, Clichy, France.
Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction we showed that freshly plucked human anagen hair expressed both type 1 (80 kD) and type 2 (60 kD) interleukin (IL)-1 receptor mRNAs. The IL-1 receptor type 1 was functional since after in vitro stimulation of plucked hair with IL-1 alpha, we observed the induction of mRNA(s) for the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha and IL-6 as well as for the chemokines monocyte chemotactic and activating factor and IL-8. In addition, the growth of dissected human anagen hairs in culture in vitro was significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by IL-1 alpha as a consequence of hair bulb degradation. These observations, together with those of other authors in IL-1 alpha transgenic mice evidence the inhibitory role of IL-1 on human hair growth. Therefore, in order to identify individuals with high inflammatory potential in their hair follicle environment, we designed a rapid and simple assay to detect variations in the level of IL-1 alpha production in the overnight supernatant of plucked hairs in culture. We observed that 32.7% of the specimens from the volunteers tested (n = 116) could be considered highly inflammatory in terms of IL-1 alpha production. Altogether, these results suggest that in alopecia androgenetica, hair growth might be negatively influenced by IL-1, directly produced by the outer root sheath keratinocytes. Consequently, identifying the "inflammatory alopecic individual' might be of clinical interest to discriminate among individuals for whom anti-IL-1 strategies might be of therapeutic relevance.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9055357&dopt=Abstract
u.washington.edu
Postembryonic production of inner ear hair cells occurs after insult in nonmammalian vertebrates. Recent studies suggest that the fibroblast family of growth factors may play a role in stimulating cell proliferation in mature inner ear sensory epithelium. Effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) were tested on progenitor cell division in cultured auditory and vestibular sensory epithelia taken from posthatch chickens. The effects of heparin, a glycosaminoglycan that often potentiates the effects of the FGFs, were also assessed. Tritiated-thymidine autoradiographic techniques and 5-bromo-2;-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunocytochemistry were used to identify cells synthesizing DNA. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP)-biotin nick-end-label (TUNEL) method was used to identify apoptotic cells. TUNEL and overall counts of sensory epithelial cell density were used to assess possible cytotoxic effects of the growth factors. FGF-2 inhibited DNA synthesis in vestibular and auditory sensory epithelia and was not cytotoxic at the concentrations employed. FGF-1 did not significantly alter sensory epithelial cell proliferation. Heparin by itself inhibited DNA synthesis in the vestibular sensory epithelia and failed to potentiate the effects of FGF-1 or FGF-2. Heparin was not cytotoxic at the concentrations employed. Results presented here suggest that FGF-2 may be involved in inhibiting cell proliferation or stimulating precursor cell differentiation in avian inner ear sensory epithelia. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10906705&dopt=Abstract
Br J Audiol. 1997 Feb;31(1):5-9.
Comparison of distortion product OAE generation between a patient group requiring frequent gentamicin therapy and control subjects.
Mulheran M, Degg C.
MRC Toxicology Unit, Centre for Mechanisms of Human Toxicity, University of Leicester, UK.
Although the animal models used to characterize aminoglycoside ototoxicity are well developed, the initial stages of the ototoxic process of this important group of antibiotics in humans are less well understood. A group that receives frequent aminoglycoside therapy are cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, who may receive cumulative doses of gentamicin over 200 g in their lifetime. Consequently they represent a group in which it is particularly appropriate to monitor regularly auditory function. In this preliminary study, 15 young (aged 9-18 years) CF patients had their pure tone thresholds measured over 0.25-12 kHz. Their distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) growth functions were also measured at f2 = 2, 4 and 6 kHz with f2/f1 = 1.22. These results were compared with those obtained from 36 control volunteers of similar age. Fourteen of the CF patients had normal hearing (pure tone audiogram (PTA) thresholds < or = 10 dB HL over 0.25-8 kHz). In this group, there was a significant elevation of the stimulus levels required to generate a 2f1-f2 DPOAE < or = 10 dB SPL at 4 kHz. This elevation may represent one of the earliest changes in outer hair cell performance caused by gentamicin, although it may also be due to the CF condition itself. Whilst this measurement alone cannot be taken to indicate any serious cochlear dysfunction, it may have some clinical use as an early indicator or marker of functional deficit in the cochlea.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9056039&dopt=Abstract
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