References: Hair growth and hair loss
Forensic Sci Int. 1997 Jan 17;84(1-3):157-64.
Hair analysis for drug abuse. XIV. Identification of substances causing acute poisoning using hair root. I. Methamphetamine.
Nakahara Y, Kikura R, Yasuhara M, Mukai T.
National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
A hair root was evaluated as a specimen for proving acute methamphetamine (MA) poisonings using an animal model and fatal cases of MA intoxicaton. First of all, male pigmented hairy rats (n = 5) were administered with acute poisonous doses (20, 40 and 60 mg/kg) of MA and the hair roots were plucked out with a hair nipper 5 min and 0.5, 1, 2, 6 and 24 h after i.p. injection. The hair root samples were, directly or after washing with detergent, extracted with methanol/5 N HCl (20:1) under vortex mixing at room temperature for 14 h. After evaporation, the residue was derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride and analyzed with GC/MS. From all samples including a 5-min sample, MA was detected at high concentrations (approximately 150 ng/mg) with a small amount of amphetamine (AP). Many animals died within 120 min of administration, but the concentrations in the hair roots increased up to 120 min and then slowly decreased until 24 h. Although MA was definitely detected anytime in the hair roots, almost no MA was found in 24-h plasma. In comparison of the drug levels in hair roots between the washed group and the unwashed group, the levels of the washed group were as a whole 4-5-fold higher than those of the unwashed group. These differences show that most of the drug incorporated into hair root is still not immobilized in the early stage. The ratios of the MA remainder in the washed samples increased with the elapse of time in all cases. However, the slope of the curves definitely dropped after the death of rats, probably due to the stopping of the hair growth and the incorporation of drug into the hair shaft. The ratios of AP/MA after death became a plateau probably due to the stoppage of the activity of metabolism after death, while those before death had increased over time. We analyzed the specimens of hair root of four men who died mainly due to acute poisonings with MA. Consequently, MA in the hair roots was detected at high concentrations, 30.5-134.6 ng/mg, and its metabolic, AP, at the concentrations of 1.2-9.0 ng/mg. Our results suggested that hair root is a good specimen for probing acute MA poisoning.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9042721&dopt=Abstract
J Dermatol Sci. 1997 Jan;14(1):45-53.
Apoptotic pocket-like structures of the bulge of the terminal hair follicles of the human scalp.
Narisawa Y, Hashimoto K, Kohda H.
Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Japan.
Terminal hair follicles of the human scalp of all ages showed apoptotic pocket-like structures in the outer root sheath of the bulge area at anagen, but not telogen phase. The occurrence of these hole structures was roughly estimated in 15% of anagen terminal hair follicles of the human scalp. The size of these apoptotic pockets was variable, ranging from pin hole-like spaces to larger structures filled with homogeneous black materials. These unusual variations were often co-localized with apoptotic degenerations and exclusively present in the presumptive bulge of anagen terminal hair follicles where arrector pili muscles were seen in the vicinity. In fact, these vacuolated structures tended to be present on the side where the major part of the arrector pili muscles anchored.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9049807&dopt=Abstract
Neuroreport. 1996 Dec 20;8(1):133-7.
The spontaneous appearance of hair cell-like cells in the mammalian cochlea following aminoglycoside ototoxicity.
Romand R, Chardin S, Le Calvez S.
Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Universite Blaise Pascal-Clermont II, Aubiere, France.
Young rats (in vivo) and cochleas from neonatal rats (in vitro) were treated with ototoxic antibiotics. Scanning electron microscope observations of the cicatricial epithelium of the former outer hair cell region revealed cells with a tuft of microvilli at their apical surface that could contain actin filaments, as observed by phalloidin staining. The apical organization of these hair cell-like cells was reminiscent of fetal hair cells topped with a bundle of microvilli. During both in vivo and in vitro observations, and despite the use of several growth factors in vitro, these hair cell-like cells did not differentiate into mature sensory cells. These hair cell-like cells might represent an attempt by the former sensory epithelium to regenerate.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9051767&dopt=Abstract
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