References: Hair growth and hair loss
J Neurosci. 1997 Jan 1;17(1):216-26.
Induction of cell proliferation by fibroblast and insulin-like growth factors in pure rat inner ear epithelial cell cultures.
Zheng JL, Helbig C, Gao WQ.
Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Incorporated, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
Proliferation of supporting cells in the inner ear is the early major event occurring during hair cell regeneration after acoustic trauma or aminoglycoside treatment. In the present study, we examined the possible influence of 30 growth factors on the proliferation of pure rat utricular epithelial cells in culture. Utricular epithelial sheets were separated and partially dissociated from early postnatal rats via a combined enzymatic and mechanical method. The cultured utricular epithelial cells expressed exclusively epithelial cell antigens, but not fibroblast, glial, or neuronal antigens. With tritiated thymidine incorporation assays, we found that several fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family members, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-2, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), stimulated proliferation of the utricular epithelial cells. In contrast, neurotrophins and other growth factors did not elicit any detectable mitogenic effects. Among all of the growth factors examined, FGF-2 was the most potent mitogen. When FGF-2 was added in combination with IGF-1 or TGF-alpha to the medium, combined effects were seen. These results were confirmed with BrdU immunocytochemistry. Thus, the present culture system provides a rapid and reliable assay system to screen novel growth factors involved in proliferation of mammalian inner ear supporting cells. Furthermore, immunostainings revealed that the cultured utricular epithelial cells expressed FGF and IGF-1 receptors, and utricular hair cells produced FGF-2 in vivo. The addition of neutralizing antibodies against FGF-2 or IGF-1 to the cultures significantly inhibited the utricular epithelial cell proliferation. This work suggests that FGF-2 and IGF-1 may regulate the proliferation step during hair cell development and regeneration.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8987750&dopt=Abstract
Radiat Res. 1997 Jan;147(1):109-14.
Somatic mutation frequencies in Tradescantia stamen hairs treated with relatively low thermal neutron fluxes.
Ichikawa S.
Department of Regulation Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Urawa, Japan.
Young inflorescence-bearing cuttings of Tradescantia clone BNL 02, a blue/pink heterozygote, were treated with thermal neutrons for 12-120 s in the Irradiation Tube set in the Heavy Water Facility of the KUR Reactor of the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University. In this facility, practically all components of the neutron flux were thermal neutrons. The thermal neutron fluxes measured simultaneously with gold foils were 2.90-33.3 x 10(10) nth cm-2, and the gamma-ray contamination per 10(10) nth cm-2 was 2.58 x 10(-4) C/kg (1.0 R). The induced somatic pink mutation frequencies in the stamen hairs increased linearly with thermal neutron flux at a rate of 1.69 pink mutant events per 10(4) hair-cell divisions per 10(10) nth cm-2 in Experiments 1 and 2, but at a higher rate of 3.87 pink mutant events per 10(4) hair-cell divisions per 10(10) nth cm-2 in Experiment 3. The relatively small thermal neutron fluxes applied were calculated to have resulted in absorbed doses of 16.8-193 mGy, and the absorbed doses of contaminating gamma rays were 28.0-321 mGy. Therefore, these mutation frequencies could be converted into 109 and 251 pink mutant events per 10(4) hair-cell divisions per gray, including the contaminating gamma rays, and were 2.14-4.92 times higher than the 51.0 pink mutant events per 10(4) hair-cell divisions per gray for relatively small doses of acute X rays which was obtained in earlier studies. The relative biological effectiveness of heavy particles (p, alpha and 7Li) produced by thermal neutrons was calculated to be between 11.0 and 35.4 compared with acute X rays rather than with 18-20-h exposure to gamma rays, the value of 11.0 being considered to be more reliable.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8989376&dopt=Abstract
Ophthalmologe. 1996 Oct;93(5):617-22.
[Dermal fatty tissue transplant as primary and secondary orbital implant. Complications and results]
[Article in German]
Hintschich CR, Beyer-Machule CK.
Augenklinik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen.
In this retrospective study we report the indications, complications and functional and cosmetic results after dermofat grafting into anophthalmic orbits. The method consists of implantation of autogenous dermis with attached subcutaneous fat from the gluteal region into the orbit. Twenty-four primary and 4 secondary grafts were implanted in 28 patients aged 12 to 49 years. In the explantation site one patient showed delayed healing. All implants became integrated, none were lost because of infection or extrusion. Eleven patients developed minor complications like central ulceration in the dermis, hair growth on the dermis or suture granuloma. In the primary implant group the functional and cosmetic outcome was evaluated by measurements of the lid structures, exophthalmometry (Hertel) and measuring the prosthesis motility (Kestenbaum). Three patients showed fair results; all the others had good or very good results. In one case of a secondary implant marked graft atrophy was observed. Despite the more extensive surgery and some minor complications the safety of this method with good functional and cosmetic results makes dermofat grafting an excellent alternative to heterogeneous orbital implants.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9004890&dopt=Abstract
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