References: Laxative
temp/constipation-1.matches:
Schmerz. 2004 Mar 5 [Epub ahead of print]
[Strong opioids and constipation]
[Article in German]
Schwarzer A, Nauck F, Klaschik E.
Klinik fur Anasthesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitatsklinikum Bonn.
In cancer pain therapy treatment with strong opioids is essential. However, it may be accompanied by the occurence of various adverse effects. The most frequent and persistent side effect in the course of opioid treatment is constipation. It is mainly caused by linkage of the opioid to the peripheral micro-receptors in the bowel and may increase as a result of certain concomitant circumstances, such as poor intake of fluids or electrolyt disorder.Present research indicates that there is a relation between type of opioid and degree of constipation, i.e. treatment with transdermal fentanyl or methadone tends to cause less constipation compared to morphine or hydromorphone. The route of administration of morphine-oral vs. subcutaneous-does not seem to affect the incidence of opioid-induced constipation.Furthermore, prophylaxis and efficient control of opioid-induced constipation still fail to be part of the routine in pain treatment.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15004747&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
temp/constipation-1.matches:med.va.gov
BACKGROUND: Patients with new onset constipation or presumed hemorrhoid bleeding frequently require the use of both fiber supplements and diagnostic colonoscopy. We sought to determine whether preliminary fiber supplementation would alter the tolerability or efficacy of a standard bowel preparation for colonoscopy METHODS: A prospective, double blind, randomized trial was designed to compare a short course of a psyllium-based supplement versus placebo prior to a colon lavage. Patients were given an unlabeled canister of powder, and instructed to take 1 tablespoon with 8 oz of water bid for 4 days before colonoscopy. A 4-liter polyethylene based glycol lavage was self-administered over 4 hours on the day prior to colonoscopy. A questionnaire on pre-study bowel habits and side effects was completed. Efficacy of the preparation was visually evaluated on a pre-determined scale. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender, race, age, pre-study stool frequency or consistency. Tolerability was equivalent but efficacy of the bowel preparation was worse in the psyllium group compared to placebo (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In non-constipated patients psyllium based fiber supplementation should not be initiated in the few days prior to endoscopy using a polyethylene glycol preparation.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15005812&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
temp/constipation-1.matches:
Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2004 Jan;59(1):31-7.
[Intake and excretion of cadmium and iron balance and influence of dietary habits among young women]
[Article in Japanese]
Murashima M, Kikuchi Y, Nomiyama T, Kumagai N, Omae K, Watanabe S; Akakura Study Group.
Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
OBJECTIVE: Absorption of cadmium is increased by deficiency of iron in animals, but it is uncertain that the same phenomenon occurs in humans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cadmium and iron in the body and to evaluate the influence of dietary habits. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy women, aged 20-23 years, were selected by excluding those with renal disease and habitual constipation. They participated in the dietary intervention study to estimate tolerable weekly intake of Cd for 3 weeks in the same dormitory. At 3 months before, at 0 Day, at the 12th Day of the study and 9 months after the study, health check-ups were performed, and Cd in the blood and urine, hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (iron) and serum ferritin (ferritin) were measured. RESULTS: Cd concentration in the blood (B-Cd) showed a significant correlation with Cd concentration in the urine (U-Cd), and inverse correlation with the body iron storage, such as Hb, iron and ferritin. A food frequency questionnaire showed that no subject showed insufficient dietary intake of iron. Subjects who had eaten grain, millet and brown rice showed higher levels of B-Cd and U-Cd and low levels of Hb, iron and ferritin. CONCLUSION: Absorption of Cd tended to increase according to a low level of body iron storage among healthy young women.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15007902&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
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