References: Laxative
temp/constipation-1.matches:jhmi.edu
BACKGROUND: Opioid therapy plays a key role in the management of chronic pain. Constipation is one of the more frequently occurring adverse effects associated with opioid therapy. METHODS: A retrospective cohort design study was conducted to determine the incidence of constipation in chronic pain patients who received three different long-acting opioids (transdermal fentanyl, oxycodone HCl controlled-release [CR], or morphine CR) for malignant or nonmalignant chronic pain. The data source was claims data (January 1996 through March 2001) from a 20% random sample of the California Medicaid (Medi-Cal) database. Claims data were from adult patients with chronic pain (malignant or nonmalignant) who had no prior diagnosis of constipation and no prior usage of long-acting opioids for at least 3 months before the observation period. Patients were followed for at least 3 months after the initiation of opioid therapy. ICD-9 code for diagnosis of constipation was the main outcome variable. Crude rates of constipation, annual incidence density, relative risk, and adjusted odds ratios were compared. RESULTS: A total of 1,836 patients (601 receiving transdermal fentanyl, 721 receiving oxycodone CR, and 514 receiving morphine CR) were included in the analysis. Crude (unadjusted) rates of constipation were 3.7% for transdermal fentanyl, 6.1% for oxycodone CR, and 5.1% for morphine CR (P > 0.05). Transdermal fentanyl had a lower annual incidence density and risk of constipation than oxycodone CR and morphine CR (P > 0.05). After adjusting for confounding variables, including race and supplemental opioid use, the adjusted risk of constipation was 78% greater in the oxycodone CR group (P = 0.0337)
temp/constipation-1.matches:Zunileon.es
Glucomannan is a dietary fiber employed quite frequently in the western countries since two decades now, as its ingestion plays an important role in human health. However, eastern people have used this fiber for more than a thousand years. This dietary fiber is the main polysaccharide obtain from the tubers of the Amorphophallus konjac plant, a member of the family Araceae found in east Asia. The chemical structure of glucomannan consists, mainly, in mannose and glucose in the ratio 8:5 linked by beta (1-->4) glycosidic bonds. This soluble fiber has a extraordinarily high waterholding capacity, forming highly viscous solutions when dissolved in water. It has the highest molecular weight and viscosity of any known dietary fiber. It has been demonstrated that this product is highly effective in the treatment of obesity due to the satiety sensation that it produces; as a remedy for constipation, because it increases the faeces volume; as hypocholesterolemic agent, interfering in the transport of cholesterol and of bile acids and as hypoglycemic and hypoinsulinemic agent, probably, by delaying gastric emptying and slowering glucose delivery to the intestinal mucosa. To the beneficial properties of this fiber, several disadvantages can be added as the production of flatulence, abdominal pain, esophageal obstruction, lower gastrointestinal obstruction or even the possible modification of the bioavailability of other drugs. This paper reviews the main characteristics of glucomannan, as well as its properties, physiologic effects and therapeutic uses.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14983741&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
temp/constipation-1.matches:Mayo.edu
Disorders of gastrointestinal function are common and significantly reduce quality-of-life, as well as negatively impacting healthcare costs. Consequently, there is much interest in understanding the pathogenesis of these disorders. Increasing, albeit as yet limited, evidence has implicated alterations in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release, and the subsequent interaction of 5-HT with specific 5-HT receptor subtypes, in the altered gut function of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other functional bowel diseases. Alterations to enterochromaffin cells and/or 5-HT signaling can result in gastrointestinal dysmotility, visceral hypersensitivity and secretomotor abnormalities in the gut. Evidence is beginning to link disturbed 5-HT physiology with the pathophysiology of diarrhea and constipation in IBS, and with slow-transit constipation. This review discusses the current evidence on the pathobiology of these systems.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14983974&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
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