References: Laxative
temp/constipation-1.matches:mcw.edu
PURPOSE: Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects of flutamide in cases treated for advanced prostate cancer are well documented. Proposed mechanisms for these side effects include increased serum blood levels, direct vehicle effects and/or local toxicity. If local toxicity, the focus of this study, mediates GI side effects of flutamide then cases exposed to external beam radiation (XRT) should have more symptoms. We hypothesize that GI side effects of flutamide are not a direct local toxic effect resulting in a similar side effect profile for irradiated and nonirradiated cases. Thus, the present study compares GI effects of flutamide in irradiated and nonirradiated cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 106 of 440 cases from a prior flutamide dose comparison study as having undergone XRT (56 cases) or radical prostatectomy (50 patients). The prevalence of GI side effects (abdominal pain/distention, diarrhea, constipation, nausea/vomiting and anorexia) was tallied for each treatment group and/or dosing regimen, 250 mg every 8 hours or 500 mg daily. Chi-square analysis with Yates' correction was performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The overall prevalence in 106 cases of GI side effects with flutamide was 22%. Treatment specific differences revealed no differences between the XRT and radical prostatectomy groups at 21% and 22%, respectively. Furthermore, independent analysis of treatment groups for each distinct side effect and dosing regimen did not identify significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Irradiated cases are not at greater risk for the development of GI side effects from flutamide, suggesting that drug induced local toxicity does not mediate GI distress.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14713786&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - indexed for ME
temp/constipation-1.matches:unavarra.es
The practice of intestinal stoma, transitory or permanent, has a series of implications of a physiological, pharmacological, psychological and communitarian character that must be attended to in an integral and individualised way for each patient. Frequently, the ostomised patient is subjected to pharmacological therapy. However, the foreseeable effect of the medicines administered can be affected by factors related to the stoma. Thus, descriptions have been made of extensive resections of ileum that affect the process of the oral absorption of medicines, especially in pharmaceutical forms of enteric covering, delayed release and pills. This would mean access of the unabsorbed portion of the active principle to the collecting device through the faeces and a possible alteration of the duration and intensity of the pharmacological effect. On the other hand, pharmaco surveillance studies have revealed that numerous active principles produce changes in intestinal motility, either on the basis of its fundamental mechanism of action (laxatives, anti-diarrhoea, prokinetics), or as a collateral or secondary effect (antiacids, antidepressants, antihistamines, opioid analgesics). The appearance of constipation and, especially, of diarrhoea can be disturbing and worrying for ostomised patients, and particularly grave in ileostomised patients, due to the dehydration to which it can give rise. Similarly, changes in the colour and odour of faeces, secondary to the administration of medicines (ferrous salts, aluminium hydroxide, bismuth compounds) can needlessly alarm the patients who detect them in the ostomy collecting device (pouch). All these factors can create difficult
temp/constipation-1.matches:auckland.co.nz
Atomoxetine (Strattera) is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and nonstimulant that has shown greater efficacy than placebo in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. In two large, well controlled, 10-week trials in adults with ADHD, improvements in ADHD symptoms, as assessed by investigator- and patient-rated scores, were greater with oral atomoxetine (60, 90 or 120 mg/day) than with placebo. Mean reductions in the total ADHD symptom score on the investigator-rated Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) in atomoxetine versus placebo recipients were 28.3% versus 18.1% and 30.1% versus 19.6%, respectively. Mean reductions in the scores on the Clinician Global Impression of Severity Scale, patient-rated CAARS and Wender-Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale were also significantly greater with atomoxetine than with placebo. Continued efficacy was demonstrated in a noncomparative, 34-week extension phase. Atomoxetine was generally well tolerated in clinical trials; withdrawal rates due to adverse events in atomoxetine-treated versus placebo-treated patients participating in the two major trials were 7.8% versus 4.3% and 9.3% versus 2.4% (p<0.05 for the latter trial). Adverse events reported significantly more frequently with atomoxetine than placebo included dry mouth, insomnia, nausea, decreased appetite, constipation, dizziness, sweating, dysuria, sexual problems and palpitations. Modest increases in heart rate and blood pressure were well tolerated and gradually decreased on cessation of treatment. Atomoxetine was not associated with QT interval prolongation. Atomoxetine can be administered once or twice daily. Its subjective-effects profile is different to that of methylphenidate and atomoxetine is not associated with abuse
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