References: Laxative





temp/constipation-1.matches:mailer.uni-marburg.de

Consecutive patients with a minimum age of 65 years and at least one additional diagnosis participated in a standardized interview during the initial assessments in two geriatric hospitals ( n=86), a multidisciplinary pain center ( n=60), and three primary care practices ( n=117). The average age of the total sample was 76.29 years (SD=7.40); females constituted 73.3% of the sample. The average number of drugs consumed by the patients amounted to 7.31 (SD=2.66) with a maximum number of 19 drugs. Nearly three-quarters of the patients indicated a reduction in their pain by avoiding physical activity. Every second patient often felt depressed and without energy. The most frequent symptoms were a dry mouth, sleep disorders, fatigue, constipation, and dizziness. Patients from the geriatric hospitals were older and better educated, reported fewer painful body regions, indicated lower intensity and duration of pain as well as a lower number of pain medications. On the other hand, they were characterized by a higher intensity of comorbidity and by increased functional impairment. Patients from the pain clinic suffered more frequently from pain in the hip and the pelvis. They took stage I analgesics more often and admitted more frequently to adjusting the drug consumption to changes in well-being and situational factors. They felt the highest amount of impairment in their social activities. Nevertheless, they expressed the highest confidence in future improvement.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12923674&dopt=Abstract

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Drug News Perspect. 2000 Oct;13(8):481-7.
Role of delta-opioid receptors in biological processes.

Coop A, Rice KC.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.

Agonists at the delta-opioid receptor were initially investigated as potential analgesic agents that may lack the undesired effects (respiratory depression, constipation, dependence) of mu-opioid agonists such as morphine. These studies have, however, uncovered that the delta-opioid system is involved in many biological processes, and thus delta-opioid-based medications have great therapeutic potential for the treatment of a wide variety of disorders.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12937621&dopt=Abstract [PubMed]

temp/constipation-1.matches:thewayout.net

AIM: To evaluate the indications, results, and complications of Transanal Endorectal Pull-Through (TEPT) in the management of rectosigmoid Hirschsprung's disease (HD) compared with the open technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between November 1998 and March 2002, 68 Transanal Endorectal Pull-Through (TEPT) procedures were performed in infants and children. The patients' ages ranged from 6 days to 13 years. The primary diagnosis in all 68 patients was Hirschsprung's disease confined to the rectosigmoid region. All children were operated without construction of a pre-operative colostomy except for one patient. Follow-up period ranged from 6 - 46 months (mean 32 months). These patients were compared with fifty patients who had undergone open pull-through for HD during the period from November 1995 to October 1998. RESULTS AND COMPLICATIONS: For the TEPT group, the mean operating time was 90 min and the average length of resected bowel was 25 cm. Sixty-two patients had satisfactory results without complications. Blood transfusion was needed in eleven patients only. Recovery was very fast and patients were often hungry within 24 hours. Feeding was resumed within 48 hours. One patient required laparotomy during the procedure due to injury to the urethra. Two patients required colostomy 3 and 5 days after surgery because of delayed leakage. Three patients suffered from attacks of enterocolitis 6 - 9 months postoperatively. There was increased frequency of defecation (5 - 15 times daily) for 4 - 6 weeks after surgery in all patients. There was no constipation, no incontinence, no cuff abscess and no mortality in any of the patients. Average frequency of defecation was 1 - 3 times daily after 3 months postoperatively. For the ope



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