References: Laxative
temp/constipation-1.matches:bcm.tmc.edu
PURPOSE: To review the use of thalidomide as a therapeutic option for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies of thalidomide alone or in combination with immunotherapy or chemotherapy were identified. The clinical benefit of thalidomide was assessed on the basis of objective response (complete and partial) and stable disease rates. RESULTS: Single-agent thalidomide was evaluated in nine phase II studies, producing partial responses in a median of 7% of patients (range: 0-17%) and stable disease in a median of 31% of patients. On average, 40-45% of patients derived benefit from thalidomide. Common toxicities included constipation, lethargy, and with prolonged therapy, neuropathy. Four studies reported deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism at rates ranging from 3 to 23%. On the basis of these findings, phase I/II studies of thalidomide in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon (IFN), or chemotherapy have been conducted. Although some of these early combination regimens were limited by toxicity, promising findings have been seen with thalidomide/IL-2 and thalidomide/IFN/capecitabine. A phase III trial of IFN versus IFN/thalidomide is nearing completion. CONCLUSION: Thalidomide is active in metastatic RCC, but additional experience with thalidomide-based combinations is needed to better define how this agent should be used in the management of this malignancy.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12850528&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
temp/constipation-1.matches:qmul.ac.uk
BACKGROUND: Rectal hyposensitivity (RH) relates to insensitivity of the rectum on anorectal physiological investigation and appears common in functional bowel disorders. The clinical significance of this physiological abnormality is unclear. METHOD: RH was defined as one or more sensory threshold volumes raised beyond the normal range (mean plus two standard deviations) on rectal balloon distension. Clinical information and results of other anorectal physiological investigations were evaluated in 261 patients with RH. RESULTS: Patients with RH most commonly presented with constipation (48 per cent), constipation and incontinence in combination (27 per cent), or faecal incontinence (20 per cent). Thirty-eight per cent of patients had a history of previous pelvic surgery, 22 per cent a history of anal surgery and 13 per cent a history of spinal trauma. In patients with RH presenting with symptoms of constipation or incontinence, impaired rectal sensation was the only abnormality on physiological investigation in 48 per cent and 31 per cent respectively. CONCLUSION: Patients with RH display marked heterogeneity in terms of presenting symptoms. The exact causes of RH are unknown, but there is evidence to suggest that pelvic nerve injury and spinal trauma are possible aetiological factors. RH appears important in the aetiology of both constipation and faecal incontinence, and may be useful as a predictor of surgical outcome. Copyright 2003 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12854114&dopt=Abstract
temp/constipation-1.matches:
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Jul;157(7):661-4. 
Safety of polyethylene glycol 3350 for the treatment of chronic constipation in children.
Pashankar DS, Loening-Baucke V, Bishop WP.
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA. Dinesh-Pashankar
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