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References: Laxative

temp/constipation-10.matches:

Dis Colon Rectum. 1993 Sep;36(9):816-25.
Anorectal manometry in the diagnosis of paradoxical puborectalis syndrome.

Ger GC, Wexner SD, Jorge JM, Salanga VD.

Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Fort Lauderdale 33309.

This prospective study was undertaken to compare the utility of anorectal manometry (ARM) with that of anal electromyography (EMG) and cinedefecography (CD) in the diagnosis of paradoxical puborectalis syndrome (PPS). One hundred sixteen consecutive patients with a history of chronic constipation were prospectively assessed. These 35 males and 81 females were of a mean age of 60 years, ranging from 18 to 84 years. The incidences of PPS were 63 percent for ARM, 38 percent for EMG, and 36 percent for CD. The correlations of PPS were suboptimal: ARM and EMG, 70 percent; and ARM and CD, 61 percent. A two-tiered system for the manometric classification of PPS was developed. First, the evacuation pressure curve pattern was classified as a normal relaxed downward (Type A; n = 43), a nonrelaxed flat or equivocal (Type B; n = 36), and a paradoxical upward (Type C; n = 37). PPS was noted with increasing incidence within curve types (21 percent in Type A, 64 percent in Type B, and 95 percent in Type C). Second, an evacuation index (EI = evacuation pressure/squeeze pressure) was defined: Group I (EI < 0; n = 43), Group II (0 < or = EI < 0.25; n = 24), Group III (0.25 < or = EI < 0.5; n = 27), and Group IV (EI > or = 0.5; n = 18). The finding of PPS also correlated with the EI group: 21 percent in Group I, 67 percent in Group II, 74 percent in Group III, and 100 percent in Group IV. This subdivision of curve types and EI groups may provide a role in the diagnosis of PPS.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8375222&dopt=Abstract

temp/constipation-10.matches:

Eur J Cancer. 1993;29A Suppl 1:S22-9.
Clinical studies with granisetron, a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for the treatment of cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis. The Granisetron Study Group.

Joss RA, Dott CS.

Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland.

Granisetron (BRL 43694A) is a novel, selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist developed for the prophylaxis and treatment of cytostatic drug-induced emesis. After a brief review of the preclinical evaluation of granisetron the clinical findings with this novel compound are summarised. From the data of large randomised trials one can conclude that granisetron is an active antiemetic, both as a prophylactic and an intervention agent, to an extent which is superior or at least equal to the best available antiemetic combination regimens, having a major efficacy ranging from 74 to 92%. Granisetron may be given as a single, 5-min infusion before chemotherapy and is thus more convenient to administer than many antiemetic regimens. The adverse event profile of granisetron is favourable with a wide therapeutic margin. The only consistent side-effects attributable to granisetron are headache in about 14% of the patients and constipation in about 4% of the patients. Headache induced by granisetron was generally mild and resolved spontaneously or was promptly relieved with standard analgesics. No extrapyramidal side-effects were observed with granisetron.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8381293&dopt=Abstract

temp/constipation-10.matches:

Pediatrics. 1993 Mar;91(3):591-4.
Is combination therapy for encopresis nutritionally safe?

McClung HJ, Boyne LJ, Linsheid T, Heitlinger LA, Murray RD, Fyda J, Li BU.

Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ohio State University, Columbus.

Chronic constipation accounts for 3% to 5% of pediatric primary care outpatient visits. The most severely affected of this group develop a flaccid colon insensitive to distention, and encopresis. Laxatives and lubricants have been the standard therapeutic agents during the bowel decompression phase of encopretic therapy. Fiber has been the cornerstone of maintenance programs. Each of these agents is accompanied by considerable anxiety in the lay literature. This study evaluates the safety of combined high-fiber, laxative, and lubricant therapy on bowel movement frequency, fecal soiling, and nutritional status over a 6-month period. Blood chemistry values, dietary fiber intake, defecation pattern, and psychological profile were evaluated before and after the 6-month study. Biochemical and anthropometric indicators of nutritional status were not adversely affected by the therapy. Seventy-five percent of the children were able to remain free of soiling and the remaining 4 of 16 had soiling episodes reduced to a frequency of less than once a week. This study confirms that children with encopresis can respond to a combined program of increased fiber intake, laxatives, and mineral oil following a complete bowel cleanout, without experiencing deleterious effects.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8382783&dopt=Abstract

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