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Biomaterials. 2001 Jan;22(1):9-18.
Native and DPPA cross-linked collagen sponges seeded with fetal bovine epiphyseal chondrocytes used for cartilage tissue engineering.
Roche S, Ronziere MC, Herbage D, Freyria AM.
Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Proteines, CNRS UPR 412, Lyon, France.
Collagen-based biomaterials in the form of sponges (bovine type I collagen, both native and cross-linked by treatment with diphenylphosphorylazide, noted control and DPPA sponges respectively) were tested as three-dimensional scaffolds to support chondrocyte proliferation with maintenance of the phenotype in order to form neocartilage. Control and DPPA sponges were initially seeded with 10(6) or 10(7) foetal bovine epiphyseal chondrocytes and maintained for 4 weeks in culture under static conditions in RPMI/NCTC medium with 10% FCS and without addition of fresh ascorbic acid. Both supports were always present during the study and a partial decrease in size and weight was detected only with control sponges, both seeded and unseeded. Cell proliferation was only noted in the 10(6) cells-seeded sponges (4-fold increase after 4 weeks of culture). Specific cartilage collagens (types II and XI) were deposited in the matrix throughout the culture and traces of type I collagen were noticed only in the culture medium after 2-3 weeks and 4 weeks in the case of 10(6) and 10(7) cells-seeded sponges, respectively. Glycosaminoglycans accumulated in the matrix, up to 1.8 and 9.8% of total dry weight after one month with both seeding conditions, which was much lower than in the natural tissue. In the 10(7) cells-seeded sponges, mineral deposition, observed with unseeded sponges, was significantly decreased (2- to 3-fold). These in vitro results indicate that both collagen matrices can support the development of tissue engineered cartilage.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11085378&dopt=Abstract
Cancer Res. 2000 Nov 1;60(21):6001-7.
Bisphosphonates directly regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression in human osteoblasts.
Reinholz GG, Getz B, Pederson L, Sanders ES, Subramaniam M, Ingle JN, Spelsberg TC.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecullar Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Bisphosphonates are widely used clinically to treat bone diseases in which bone resorption is in excess. However, the mechanism of bisphosphonate action on bone is not fully understood. Studies of direct action of bisphosphonates on bone have been limited mainly to their effects on bone-resorbing osteoclast cells, with implications that some activity may be mediated indirectly through paracrine factors produced by the bone-forming osteoblast cells. Little is known about the direct effects of bisphosphonates on osteoblasts. In this report, the direct actions of several bisphosphonates on cell proliferation, gene expression, and bone formation by cultured human fetal osteoblasts were examined. Osteoblast cell proliferation was decreased, and cytodifferentiation was increased in a dose-dependent manner in cultures treated with the bisphosphonate pamidronate. In addition, pamidronate treatment increased total cellular protein, alkaline phosphatase activity, and type I collagen secretion in osteoblasts. Consistent with the above-mentioned findings, the rate of bone formation was also increased in osteoblasts cultured with pamidronate. The actions of two other bisphosphonates, the weak-acting etidronate and the potent new analogue zoledronate, were also compared with the action of pamidronate on proliferation of immortalized human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) cells and rate of bone formation. Pamidronate and zoledronate decreased hFOB cell proliferation with equal potency, whereas etidronate decreased proliferation only at much higher concentrations. Studies comparing EDTA and etidronate indicate that etidronate may act indirectly on the hFOB cells by reducing free divalent ion concentrations, whereas pamidronate and zoledronate appear to act on the hFOB cells by a direct action. Both pamidronate and zoledronate increase hFOB cell bone formation, whereas no increase is observed with etidronate and EDTA. Taken together, these observations strongly suggest that treatment with pamidronate or zoledronate enhances the differentiation and bone-forming activities of osteoblasts.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11085520&dopt=Abstract
J Med Primatol. 2000 Aug;29(3-4):182-92.
Macaque blood-derived antigen-presenting cells elicit SIV-specific immune responses.
Zhu Y, Koo K, Bradshaw JD, Sutton WF, Kuller LR, Bucala R, Anderson D, Mossman SP, Villinger F, Haigwood NL.
Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Natural blood-borne antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were tested for their ability to augment antigen presentation for SIV vaccines. Fibrocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) were isolated from multiple Macaca fascicularis. Macaque fibrocytes displayed the characteristic cellular morphology and stained positive for CD34 and collagen, as observed in human and murine fibrocytes. Macaque DCs were generated from monocytes by culturing in granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Two days after maturation, cells were enriched for the DC marker CD83. Fibrocytes and DCs were each transfected with green fluorescence protein expression plasmids or DNA expression vectors encoding all of the SIVmne structural and regulatory genes. Autologous DCs were re-infused into macaques subcutaneously (sc) following transfection; mixing with recombinant SIV antigens or inactivated whole SIV in vitro; or mock-treatment. Autologous monocyte-derived DCs pulsed with whole inactivated SIV were re-infused and elicited cellular and/or humoral responses in vivo in eight of ten vaccinated macaques.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11085581&dopt=Abstract
J Exp Med. 2000 Nov 20;192(10):1425-40.
Lymph-borne chemokines and other low molecular weight molecules reach high endothelial venules via specialized conduits while a functional barrier limits access to the lymphocyte microenvironments in lymph node cortex.
Gretz JE, Norbury CC, Anderson AO, Proudfoot AE, Shaw S.
Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 21712, USA.
Lymph-borne, soluble factors (e.g., chemokines and others) influence lymphocyte recirculation and endothelial phenotype at high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph node cortex. Yet the route lymph-borne soluble molecules travel from the subcapsular sinus to the HEVs is unclear. Therefore, we injected subcutaneously into mice and rats a wide variety of fluorophore-labeled, soluble molecules and examined their distribution in the draining lymph nodes. Rather than percolating throughout the draining lymph node, all molecules, including microbial lipopolysaccharide, were very visible in the subcapsular and medullary sinuses but were largely excluded from the cortical lymphocyte microenvironments. Exclusion prevailed even during the acute lymph node enlargement accompanying viral infection. However, low molecular mass (MW) molecules, including chemokines, did gain entry into the cortex, but in a very defined manner. Low MW, fluorophore-labeled molecules highlighted the subcapsular sinus, the reticular fibers, and the abluminal and luminal surfaces of the associated HEVs. These low MW molecules were in the fibers of the reticular network, a meshwork of collagen fibers ensheathed by fibroblastic reticular cells that connects the subcapsular sinus floor and the HEVs by intertwining with their basement membranes. Thus, low MW, lymph-borne molecules, including chemokines, traveled rapidly from the subcapsular sinus to the HEVs using the reticular network as a conduit.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11085745&dopt=Abstract
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000 Nov;39(11):1222-5.
Collagen type Ialpha1 gene polymorphism in idiopathic osteoporosis in men.
Peris P, Alvarez L, Oriola J, Guanabens N, Monegal A, de Osaba MJ, Jo J, Pons F, Ballesta AM, Munoz-Gomez J.
Service of Rheumatology, Service of Clinical Biochemistry, Hormonal Laboratory and. Service of Nuclear Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain.
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the distribution of polymorphism of the collagen type Ialpha1 gene (COL1A1) and its relationship with bone metabolism and bone turnover in men with idiopathic osteoporosis. METHODS: A total of 35 male patients with idiopathic osteoporosis, aged 50.4 +/- 10.3 yr, and 60 healthy males (controls), aged 47 +/- 17 yr, were included in the study. Serum osteocalcin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone were determined in all patients. The COL1A1 Sp1 genotypes (SS, SS:, ss) were assessed by restriction enzyme digestion (BAL:1) of DNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Patients with idiopathic osteoporosis had a higher frequency of the s allele than men in the control group (29 vs 11%, P: = 0.003) and a higher frequency of the SS: genotype (patients, 48% SS, 46% SS:, 6% ss; controls, 80% SS, 18% SS:, 2% ss; P: = 0.003). No significant differences between genotypes were observed in serum concentrations of osteocalcin, vitamin D or parathyroid hormone among either the patients or the controls. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that, in men with idiopathic osteoporosis, there is a high prevalence of the s allele and the SS: genotype that is unrelated to other parameters of bone metabolism.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11085801&dopt=Abstract
Natural Herbal Supplement: Hair Million
Hair loss alone does not pose significant health problems. In fact, there are people who opt for baldness as an alternative hair style. However, in general, however, hair loss is not considered desirable.
The most ostensive feature that distinguishes us human from chimps and other primates is the lack of bodily hair. During evolutionary process, we have lost the majority of hair. Hair is no longer a biologically essential part of our body, just
like appendix. The hair we still have on our scalp and a few other bodily parts is still regarded as significant for reasons other than biological necessity. Hair loss is naturally accompanied by aging process, although the extent of hair loss and the timing of onset vary widely among individuals. Thus, loss of hair and baldness is considered as a symbol of maturity or old age. Like winkles and other signs of aging, hair loss is not welcome by most people, because we don't welcome aging, and being perceived as an aging person. However, it is alopecia, or premature hair loss that especially concerns certain people.
While the hair loss and resulting baldness in general have not been proven to be related to underlying health problems, there are certain correlations between hair loss and health problems. For instance, premature hair loss could suggest premature aging or nutritional and hormonal imbalance, stressful life, use of drugs that cause hair loss as a side effect, skin disease, or heart disease. The balding appearance could also impart a subdued impression of integrity in bodily health and youthfulness.
Fortunately, in many cases, hair loss is reversible by change in lifestyle and/or nutritional supplementation. Herbal hair growth formula and other nutritional supplements have been shown to be effective in warding off hair loss and resuming hair growth. Certain prescription drugs such as Buy Propecia Online may also reverse hair loss by blocking the formation of DHT, a hormonal byproduct produced inceasingly as a person age.
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