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Steroids. 2000 Dec;65(12):857-61.
The pathophysiological implications of circulating androgens on bone mineral density in a normal female population.
Zofkova I, Bahbouh R, Hill M.
Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 1, Prague, Czech Republic.
In this cross-sectional study performed on 147 healthy or osteoporotic, but otherwise normal premenopausal (n = 26 and n = 13, respectively) or postmenopausal (n = 40 and n = 68, respectively) women aged 40.1+/-9.9 and 61.9+/-8.9 years, respectively (range 20-82 years), serum ovarian and adrenal sex steroids and their relationship to bone mineral density (BMD) were evaluated. The levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (AD), and estradiol correlated positively with BMD at the hip and spine as did serum testosterone with BMD at the spine. An inverse relationship was found between sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels and BMD at the spine and hip. After adjustment for age, body mass, and sex steroid confounders, the bioavailable testosterone value (but not the DHEAS, DHEA, AD, or SHBG) values was demonstrated to be an independent determinant of BMD at the spine (beta 0.18, P<0.02) and hip (beta 0.24, P<0.02). Similarly, estradiol was found to be an independent determinant of BMD at the spine (beta 0.25, P<0.007). However, only SHBG levels (but not other steroid parameters) correlated positively with indices of bone remodeling, namely, serum osteocalcin and cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP). The present study suggests that a major decline in index of free testosterone (testosterone/SHBG) may influence the development of female osteoporosis. The clinical significance of circulating SHBG levels in the assessement of bone metabolic turnover remains to be established.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11077083&dopt=Abstract
J Biomed Mater Res. 2001 Jan;54(1):30-6.
Effects of MA 956 superalloy and alpha-alumina particles on some markers of human osteoblastic cells in primary culture.
Rodrigo AM, Martinez ME, Martinez P, Escudero ML, Ruiz J, Saldana L, Gomez-Garcia L, Fernandez L, del Valle I, Munuera L.
Investigation Unit Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
One of the problems associated with the modern biomaterials used in prostheses is osteolysis, which, although its exact origin is unknown, has been associated with wear particles. Osteoblasts seem to participate directly in this phenomenon. This paper investigates in vitro cellular response to the wear particles from the metal substrate and ceramic covering (alpha-alumina) of a new titanium yttrium aluminum alloy, MA 956, that has been proposed as a biomaterial because of its exceptional mechanical and electrochemical properties. The effect of different sizes (10 and 80 microm) of MA 956 and alpha-alumina particles on osteoblast function was studied in primary human bone cell cultures. Cells were harvested from trabecular bone fragments obtained during knee arthroplasty. Osteoblastic cell response to the particles was measured by assaying C-terminal type I procollagen (PICP), alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin secretion, with and without 1.25(OH)(2)D(3) stimulation, in the cell-conditioned medium. Both sizes of MA 956 and alpha-alumina particles decreased PICP secretion in nonstimulated osteoblastic cells, but this secretion was not affected in the cultures stimulated with 1.25(OH)(2)D(3). Only the 10 microm alpha-alumina particles inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity in 1.25(OH)(2)D(3)-stimulated and nonstimulated cultures. The rise in osteocalcin levels after 1.25(OH)(2)D(3) stimulation was lower in the presence of the 10 microm MA 956 particles than in the presence of alpha-alumina particles. Although both materials seem to have directly affected in vitro osteoblastic cell function, the increase in osteocalcin levels after 1.25(OH)(2)D(3) stimulation was lower after exposure to MA 956 particles than the increase observed after exposure to alpha-alumina particles. Therefore, it does not seem that osteocalcin stimulated bone resorption, suggesting that MA 956 would be less likely to provoke osteolysis. 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11077400&dopt=Abstract
J Biomed Mater Res. 2001 Jan;54(1):122-8.
Dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate: a novel crosslinking reagent for collagen.
Charulatha V, Rajaram A.
Department of Biophysics, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai-600 020, India.
Crosslinking agents are used for improving the physical properties and durability of collagenous implants, glutaraldehyde (GTA) being the most widely used. Many of these reagents, including GTA, are known to be cytotoxic and to induce calcification. Hence, it is desirable to develop new crosslinking methods for collagen, so that biocompatibility and physical properties are improved. In the present study, dimethyl 3,3' -dithiobispropionimidate (DTBP) has been tried as a novel crosslinking reagent for collagen. Collagen purified from rat tail tendon has been crosslinked with DTBP and GTA. An increase of 22 degrees C in shrinkage temperature is observed for collagen treated with DTBP under optimal conditions. Crosslinking density determination shows that DTBP induces 10 crosslinks per mole, compared to 13 by GTA. While the tensile strength of GTA-treated samples is greater than those treated with DTBP, the latter shows more extensibility. In vitro degradation studies show that both GTA- and DTBP-treated samples are resistant to degradation by collagenase. The biocompatibility of crosslinked collagen samples studied by subcutaneous implantation in rats show that while both GTA- and DTBP-treated collagen do not degrade for up to 4 weeks, ultrastructural and histological studies indicate that DTBP collagen is far more biocompatible than GTA-treated matrices. 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11077411&dopt=Abstract
Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2002 Oct-Dec;4(4):262-6.
Achieving superior resurfacing results with the erbium:YAG laser.
Jasin ME.
Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Community Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA. jasite.net
Laser skin resurfacing has become increasingly popular. The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser seemingly remains the most commonly used laser modality for skin resurfacing. Many surgeons still promote the CO2 laser as being superior to the erbium:YAG laser, particularly for individuals with deeper lines. However, further experience with the erbium:YAG laser has shown the converse to be true. The erbium:YAG laser can be used to treat deep rhytids successfully, many times achieving results superior to those seen with the CO2 laser, particularly in the perioral region. The theory behind this relates to the 10-fold greater absorption of the erbium:YAG wavelength by water. The greater absorption produces more efficient vaporization, even at low fluences, with greatly reduced adjacent thermal injury. Ablation can be carried to deeper levels of the dermis than is consistently safe with the CO2 laser. Deliverance of total fluences in the range of 100 to 150 J/cm2, or more, produces a marked reduction or elimination of deeper rhytids. Clinically, experience with more than 300 cases indicates collagen remodeling occurs to a similar degree with the erbium:YAG laser as with the CO2 laser, as improvement in rhytids can be seen for 2 to 3 months after surgery. It would appear that superior results can be obtained without the "heat effect" of the CO2 laser. The erbium:YAG laser is capable of achieving superior resurfacing results, while offering many advantages to the patient, eg, reduced anesthetic requirements, shorter healing time, reduced erythema, less risk of pigmentary change, and more flexibility for resurfacing the skin off of the face.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12437434&dopt=Abstract
J Biomed Mater Res. 2001 Jan;54(1):139-48.
Functionalized silk-based biomaterials for bone formation.
Sofia S, McCarthy MB, Gronowicz G, Kaplan DL.
Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
Silks are being reassessed as biomaterial scaffolds due to their unique mechanical properties, opportunities for genetic tailoring of structure and thus function, and recent studies clarifying biocompatibility. We report on the covalent decoration of silk films with integrin recognition sequences (RGD) as well as parathyroid hormone (PTH, 1-34 amino acids) and a modified PTH 1-34 (mPTH) involved in the induction of bone formation. Osteoblast-like cell (Saos-2) responses to the decorated silk films indicate that the proteins serve as suitable bone-inducing matrices. Osteoblast-like cell adhesion was significantly increased on RGD and PTH compared to plastic, mPTH, and the control peptide RAD. At 2 weeks of culture, message levels of alkaline phosphatase were similar on all substrates, but by 4 weeks, alkaline phosphatase mRNA was greatest on RGD. At 2 weeks of culture, alpha 1(I) procollagen mRNA was elevated on silk, RGD, RAD, and PTH, and hardly detectable on mPTH and plastic. However, by 4 weeks RGD demonstrated the highest level compared to the other substrates. Osteocalcin message levels detected by RT-PCR were greatest on RGD at both time points. Calcification was also significantly elevated on RGD compared to the other substrates with an increase in number and size of the mineralized nodules in culture. Thus, RGD covalently decorated silk appears to stimulate osteoblast-based mineralization in vitro. 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11077413&dopt=Abstract
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